HSK 2Pelajaran 13 dari 13 · 7 poin tata bahasa
States, experiences and approximations
着 presents a continuing state or action; 过 presents experience. Number expressions can be labels or estimates rather than exact counts. Position matters particularly with 多: one-plus hours differs from ten-plus hours.
Learning goals (7)
- State continuing with 着.
- An activity continuing with 着.
- Past experience.
- Numbered labels.
- Approximate 几.
- An amount beyond a round number.
- A little more than a unit.
着
State continuing with 着
Verb+着 presents a state as maintained during the relevant period.
窗户开着。
The window is open.
Lainnya
Jebakan: 开了 can describe the change; 开着 profiles the state.
表示动作的持续
An activity continuing with 着
着 can present an action as continuing, including as background for another event.
他一直笑着。
He kept smiling.
Lainnya
Jebakan: 着 is not automatically an instruction to add English present continuous.
过
Past experience
Use 过 after a verb to say the experience has occurred at least once; context can specify frequency.
她吃过中国菜。
She has eaten Chinese food before.
Lainnya
Jebakan: Do not confuse an experiential claim with a particular completed meal.
三班
Numbered labels
Number+classifier can label a room, class or similar unit in a conventional naming system.
我在三班。
I am in Class Three.
Lainnya
Jebakan: 三班 can be a label; 三个班 means three classes.
几
Approximate 几
几 may mean a few rather than ask how many, especially in a statement or after another number.
我买了几本书。
I bought a few books.
Lainnya
Jebakan: Question or approximation depends on sentence context.
数词+多+量词
An amount beyond a round number
For suitable round quantities, put 多 after the numeral and before the classifier: 十多个人.
这里有二十多个学生。
There are over twenty students here.
Lainnya
Jebakan: This construction does not usually mean exactly twenty.
数词+量词+多
A little more than a unit
Number+unit+多 often adds a fraction beyond a measured amount, as in 一个多小时.
我等了一个多小时。
I waited for more than an hour.
Lainnya
Jebakan: 一个多小时 and 十多个小时 express very different durations.
Detail sumber (silabus resmi)
State continuing with 着
- Butir silabus
- 动词+着：（1）表示状态的持续
- Kategori
- 持续态
- ID tata bahasa
- grammar-L2-072
- Halaman PDF
- 391 (cetak 388)
An activity continuing with 着
- Butir silabus
- （2）表示动作的持续
- Kategori
- 持续态
- ID tata bahasa
- grammar-L2-073
- Halaman PDF
- 391 (cetak 388)
Past experience
- Butir silabus
- 用动态助词“过”表示
- Kategori
- 经历态
- ID tata bahasa
- grammar-L2-074
- Halaman PDF
- 391 (cetak 388)
Numbered labels
- Butir silabus
- 序数表示法2：数词+量词
- ID tata bahasa
- grammar-L2-075
- Halaman PDF
- 391 (cetak 388)
Approximate 几
- Butir silabus
- 概数表达法1：（1）用“几”表示概数
- ID tata bahasa
- grammar-L2-076
- Halaman PDF
- 391 (cetak 388)
An amount beyond a round number
- Butir silabus
- （2）数词+多+量词
- ID tata bahasa
- grammar-L2-077
- Halaman PDF
- 391 (cetak 388)
A little more than a unit
- Butir silabus
- （3）数词+量词+多
- ID tata bahasa
- grammar-L2-078
- Halaman PDF
- 391 (cetak 388)
- 1FILL BLANK
窗户开。
Choose the expression that completes the sentence.
“The window is open.”
- 2FILL BLANK
我等了。
Choose the expression that completes the sentence.
“I waited for more than an hour.”
- 3MATCH
Tap a sentence, then tap its meaning.
Ketuk sebuah kalimat, lalu ketuk artinya.
- 4CHOOSE
Which is more than one hour, not more than ten?
- 5CHOOSE
十多个人 and 十个人多一点儿 both concern approximate counts. In 十多个人, where is 多 placed?
- 6ORDER
Tap the chunks to build the sentence.
“The window is open.”
Ketuk potongan kalimat sesuai urutan. - 7ORDER
Tap the chunks to build the sentence.
“He kept smiling.”
Ketuk potongan kalimat sesuai urutan.
0 dari 7 tugas terjawab.
着State continuing with 着
- 我看着两只猫走远，有一点儿高兴，也有一些担心。 Feeding Two Stray Cats Downstairs · HSK 3
- 到了小湖旁边，我们坐下休息，一边喝水，一边看着安静的湖水。 A Walk in the Mountain Park · HSK 3
- 晚上回家的时候，我还想着比赛的事情。 Sports Meet at Our School · HSK 3
表示动作的持续An activity continuing with 着
- 我穿着新外套走回家，身体暖和了，也非常高兴。 Cuaca Dingin, Saya Pergi Membeli Jaket · HSK 3
- 我看着两只猫走远，有一点儿高兴，也有一些担心。 Feeding Two Stray Cats Downstairs · HSK 3
- 到了小湖旁边，我们坐下休息，一边喝水，一边看着安静的湖水。 A Walk in the Mountain Park · HSK 3
过Past experience
- 旁边卖水果的阿姨说：“拿去吧，这把伞已经帮助过很多人了。有人今天用，明天再送回来。” One Extra Umbrella · HSK 3
- 大的能让两个人一起用，不过有点儿重。 The Cheaper One · HSK 3
- 他说：“是。我没有喝过奶茶，不知道哪个好喝。” Trying Milk Tea for the First Time · HSK 2
几Approximate 几
- 她们有二十几个人，每次跳一个小时。 Grandma Goes Dancing · HSK 2
- 我打了几次，球总是跑到旁边去，有一次还几乎打到灯上。 Learning to Play Table Tennis with My Older Brother · HSK 3
- 下午六点，小林准备关店，门口还有几个箱子。 Sebelum Hujan · HSK 3
数词+量词+多A little more than a unit
- 我说：“七点多。” Taking the Train Home This Year · HSK 2