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HSK 3Pelajaran 10 dari 15 · 6 poin tata bahasa

Possibility, intensity and rhetorical questions

Potential complements evaluate attainability, degree complements intensify, and elapsed-time complements locate an event relative to now. Rhetorical questions often remind or challenge rather than request new information. Keep these distinctions separate from ordinary tense.

Learning goals (6)
  • Potential complements.
  • High degree with 得很.
  • Extreme degree with 极了 and 坏了.
  • Time elapsed since an event.
  • Method questions.
  • Rhetorical 不是…吗.

动词+得/不+动词/形容词

Potential complements

Insert 得 or 不 between the action and result to express whether that result is attainable.

我听不懂。

Wǒ tīng bù dǒng.

I cannot understand what I hear.

Lainnya

Jebakan: 没听懂 reports a failed occurrence; 听不懂 expresses inability in context.

形容词+得很

High degree with 得很

Adjective+得很 expresses strong degree after the adjective.

今天冷得很。

Jīn tiān lěng de hěn.

It is very cold today.

Lainnya

好得很 very good; 忙得很 very busy. This post-adjectival pattern is distinct from 很好 and 很忙. It normally uses 得, not the noun-modifier 的.

Jebakan: The complement follows the adjective; 很冷 has a different position pattern.

形容词/动词+极了/坏了

Extreme degree with 极了 and 坏了

极了 intensifies suitable adjectives; 坏了 often conveys a strong emotional or physical effect in conventional combinations.

我高兴极了。

Wǒ gāo xìng jí le.

I am extremely happy.

Lainnya

高兴极了 extremely happy; 累坏了 exhausted; 乐坏了 delighted. The final elements intensify suitable combinations; 坏 is not literally bad in every such expression.

Jebakan: Do not attach 坏了 indiscriminately to any verb or adjective.

三年

Time elapsed since an event

A time phrase can measure the interval since an event rather than its duration; event type and context establish the reading.

他离开三年了。

Tā lí kāi sān nián le.

It has been three years since he left.

Lainnya

Jebakan: This does not mean the act of leaving lasted three years.

怎样

Method questions

怎样+verb asks for a way to perform an action. The answer should describe a method, not merely yes or no.

怎样去学校？

Zěn yàng qù xué xiào?

How do I get to the school?

Lainnya

Jebakan: 会不会去 asks something different from the route or method.

不是…吗

Rhetorical 不是…吗

不是…吗 often reminds the listener of an expected or shared fact.

你不是已经知道了吗？

Nǐ bù shì yǐ jīng zhī dao le ma?

Don't you already know?

Lainnya

Jebakan: Context decides whether the question is rhetorical; do not hard-code every occurrence.

Detail sumber (silabus resmi)

  • Potential complements

    Butir silabus
    动词+得/不+动词/形容词
    Kategori
    可能补语1
    ID tata bahasa
    grammar-L3-061
    Halaman PDF
    393 (cetak 390)

  • High degree with 得很

    Butir silabus
    （1）形容词+得很
    Kategori
    程度补语1
    ID tata bahasa
    grammar-L3-062
    Halaman PDF
    393 (cetak 390)

  • Extreme degree with 极了 and 坏了

    Butir silabus
    （2）形容词/动词+极了/坏了
    Kategori
    程度补语1
    ID tata bahasa
    grammar-L3-063
    Halaman PDF
    393 (cetak 390)

  • Time elapsed since an event

    Butir silabus
    表示动作结束到某个时间点的间隔时间
    Kategori
    数量补语3
    ID tata bahasa
    grammar-L3-064
    Halaman PDF
    393 (cetak 390)

  • Method questions

    Butir silabus
    “怎样+动词”的特指问句
    Kategori
    疑问句
    ID tata bahasa
    grammar-L3-065
    Halaman PDF
    394 (cetak 391)

  • Rhetorical 不是…吗

    Butir silabus
    用反问句表示强调：不是……吗？
    Kategori
    反问句1
    ID tata bahasa
    grammar-L3-066
    Halaman PDF
    394 (cetak 391)