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HSK 3Bài 10/15 · 6 điểm ngữ pháp

Possibility, intensity and rhetorical questions

Potential complements evaluate attainability, degree complements intensify, and elapsed-time complements locate an event relative to now. Rhetorical questions often remind or challenge rather than request new information. Keep these distinctions separate from ordinary tense.

Learning goals (6)
  • Potential complements.
  • High degree with 得很.
  • Extreme degree with 极了 and 坏了.
  • Time elapsed since an event.
  • Method questions.
  • Rhetorical 不是…吗.

动词+得/不+动词/形容词

Potential complements

Insert 得 or 不 between the action and result to express whether that result is attainable.

我听不懂。

Wǒ tīng bù dǒng.

I cannot understand what I hear.

Thêm

Lỗi hay gặp: 没听懂 reports a failed occurrence; 听不懂 expresses inability in context.

形容词+得很

High degree with 得很

Adjective+得很 expresses strong degree after the adjective.

今天冷得很。

Jīn tiān lěng de hěn.

It is very cold today.

Thêm

好得很 very good; 忙得很 very busy. This post-adjectival pattern is distinct from 很好 and 很忙. It normally uses 得, not the noun-modifier 的.

Lỗi hay gặp: The complement follows the adjective; 很冷 has a different position pattern.

形容词/动词+极了/坏了

Extreme degree with 极了 and 坏了

极了 intensifies suitable adjectives; 坏了 often conveys a strong emotional or physical effect in conventional combinations.

我高兴极了。

Wǒ gāo xìng jí le.

I am extremely happy.

Thêm

高兴极了 extremely happy; 累坏了 exhausted; 乐坏了 delighted. The final elements intensify suitable combinations; 坏 is not literally bad in every such expression.

Lỗi hay gặp: Do not attach 坏了 indiscriminately to any verb or adjective.

三年

Time elapsed since an event

A time phrase can measure the interval since an event rather than its duration; event type and context establish the reading.

他离开三年了。

Tā lí kāi sān nián le.

It has been three years since he left.

Thêm

Lỗi hay gặp: This does not mean the act of leaving lasted three years.

怎样

Method questions

怎样+verb asks for a way to perform an action. The answer should describe a method, not merely yes or no.

怎样去学校？

Zěn yàng qù xué xiào?

How do I get to the school?

Thêm

Lỗi hay gặp: 会不会去 asks something different from the route or method.

不是…吗

Rhetorical 不是…吗

不是…吗 often reminds the listener of an expected or shared fact.

你不是已经知道了吗？

Nǐ bù shì yǐ jīng zhī dao le ma?

Don't you already know?

Thêm

Lỗi hay gặp: Context decides whether the question is rhetorical; do not hard-code every occurrence.

Chi tiết nguồn (đề cương chính thức)

  • Potential complements

    Mục trong đề cương
    动词+得/不+动词/形容词
    Loại
    可能补语1
    Mã ngữ pháp
    grammar-L3-061
    Trang PDF
    393 (trang in 390)

  • High degree with 得很

    Mục trong đề cương
    （1）形容词+得很
    Loại
    程度补语1
    Mã ngữ pháp
    grammar-L3-062
    Trang PDF
    393 (trang in 390)

  • Extreme degree with 极了 and 坏了

    Mục trong đề cương
    （2）形容词/动词+极了/坏了
    Loại
    程度补语1
    Mã ngữ pháp
    grammar-L3-063
    Trang PDF
    393 (trang in 390)

  • Time elapsed since an event

    Mục trong đề cương
    表示动作结束到某个时间点的间隔时间
    Loại
    数量补语3
    Mã ngữ pháp
    grammar-L3-064
    Trang PDF
    393 (trang in 390)

  • Method questions

    Mục trong đề cương
    “怎样+动词”的特指问句
    Loại
    疑问句
    Mã ngữ pháp
    grammar-L3-065
    Trang PDF
    394 (trang in 391)

  • Rhetorical 不是…吗

    Mục trong đề cương
    用反问句表示强调：不是……吗？
    Loại
    反问句1
    Mã ngữ pháp
    grammar-L3-066
    Trang PDF
    394 (trang in 391)