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HSK 4Pelajaran 11 dari 14 · 9 poin tata bahasa

Progression and qualification

Add a stronger point with 不仅 or 甚至, draw on an extreme example with 连…都, and acknowledge qualifications with 尽管、然而 or 不过. These expressions carry argumentative structure, not merely extra emphasis.

Learning goals (9)
  • An extreme additional case.
  • Not only but also.
  • Further assertion with 并且.
  • Even…let alone more.
  • One or the other.
  • Conceding a real obstacle.
  • Written contrast.
  • A qualification with 不过.
  • Concede then qualify.

…,甚至…

An extreme additional case

甚至 introduces a further point beyond expectations.

他忙得甚至忘了吃饭。

Tā máng de shèn zhì wàng le chī fàn.

He was so busy that he even forgot to eat.

Lainnya

Jebakan: Its force depends on a plausible scale of unexpectedness.

不仅/不光…，还/而且…

Not only but also

不仅/不光…还/而且… adds a further property or action.

他不仅会做饭，还会做蛋糕。

Tā bù jǐn huì zuò fàn, hái huì zuò dàn gāo.

He can not only cook but also make cakes.

Lainnya

Jebakan: With different subjects, place the first marker before the first subject.

…，并且…

Further assertion with 并且

并且 adds a related clause or predicate, often reinforcing the previous point.

房间很大，并且很安静。

Fáng jiān hěn dà, bìng qiě hěn ān jìng.

The room is large and also quiet.

Lainnya

Jebakan: It is not the default connector for a pair of simple nouns.

连…也/都…，…更…

Even…let alone more

连…都/也 highlights an extreme case; 更 can extend the implication to another case.

连老师都觉得难，学生更不用说了。

Lián lǎo shī dōu jué de nán, xué shēng gèng bù yòng shuō le.

Even the teacher finds it difficult, let alone the students.

Lainnya

Jebakan: The implied scale must make sense in context.

不是…，就是…

One or the other

不是…就是… restricts the possibilities to alternatives rather than correcting the first one.

他不是在家，就是在办公室。

Tā bù shì zài jiā, jiù shì zài bàn gōng shì.

He is either at home or in the office.

Lainnya

Jebakan: Contrast 不是…而是…, which rejects the first alternative.

尽管…，但是/可是…

Conceding a real obstacle

尽管…但是/可是… acknowledges a fact despite which the main outcome holds.

尽管很累，他还是完成了工作。

Jǐn guǎn hěn lèi, tā hái shì wán chéng le gōng zuò.

Although he was tired, he still finished the work.

Lainnya

Jebakan: 尽管 can also mean go ahead in other contexts; do not conflate the uses.

…，然而…

Written contrast

然而 introduces a contrasting fact in relatively written or formal discourse.

计划很好，然而实施起来并不容易。

Jì huà hěn hǎo, rán ér shí shī qǐ lái bìng bù róng yì.

The plan is good; however, implementing it is not easy.

Lainnya

Jebakan: Do not place it inside an arbitrary noun phrase.

…，不过…

A qualification with 不过

不过 often adds a limitation to an otherwise accepted statement.

我可以去，不过得晚一点。

Wǒ kě yǐ qù, bù guò děi wǎn yī diǎn.

I can go, but I will have to be a little late.

Lainnya

Jebakan: This is a qualification rather than a complete rejection of the earlier clause.

…X是X，就是/不过…

Concede then qualify

X是X，就是/不过… accepts one property before explaining a drawback.

方便是方便，不过有点儿贵。

Fāng biàn shì fāng biàn, bù guò yǒu diǎnr guì.

It is convenient, but a little expensive.

Lainnya

Jebakan: The repeated adjective signals concession, not uncertainty about its meaning.

Detail sumber (silabus resmi)

  • An extreme additional case

    Butir silabus
    ……,甚至……
    Kategori
    递进复句
    ID tata bahasa
    grammar-L4-072
    Halaman PDF
    397 (cetak 394)

  • Not only but also

    Butir silabus
    不仅/不光……，还/而且……
    Kategori
    递进复句
    ID tata bahasa
    grammar-L4-073
    Halaman PDF
    397 (cetak 394)

  • Further assertion with 并且

    Butir silabus
    ……，并且……
    Kategori
    递进复句
    ID tata bahasa
    grammar-L4-074
    Halaman PDF
    397 (cetak 394)

  • Even…let alone more

    Butir silabus
    连……也/都……，……更……
    Kategori
    递进复句
    ID tata bahasa
    grammar-L4-075
    Halaman PDF
    397 (cetak 394)

  • One or the other

    Butir silabus
    不是……，就是……
    Kategori
    选择复句
    ID tata bahasa
    grammar-L4-076
    Halaman PDF
    397 (cetak 394)

  • Conceding a real obstacle

    Butir silabus
    尽管……，但是/可是……
    Kategori
    转折复句
    ID tata bahasa
    grammar-L4-077
    Halaman PDF
    397 (cetak 394)

  • Written contrast

    Butir silabus
    ……，然而……
    Kategori
    转折复句
    ID tata bahasa
    grammar-L4-078
    Halaman PDF
    397 (cetak 394)

  • A qualification with 不过

    Butir silabus
    ……，不过……
    Kategori
    转折复句
    ID tata bahasa
    grammar-L4-079
    Halaman PDF
    397 (cetak 394)

  • Concede then qualify

    Butir silabus
    ……X是X，就是/不过……
    Kategori
    转折复句
    ID tata bahasa
    grammar-L4-080
    Halaman PDF
    397 (cetak 394)