HSK 2Pelajaran 9 dari 13 · 8 poin tata bahasa
Outcomes, direction and duration
A complement may say what result was reached, where movement went, how well an action was performed, or how long it lasted. Identify its meaning before translating. A completed activity does not necessarily entail a successful result.
Learning goals (8)
- Result complements.
- Movement relative to a viewpoint.
- Simple direction complements.
- Compound direction complements.
- Manner complements with 得.
- Duration after a verb.
- Difference amounts.
- Subject–predicate predicates.
动词+错/懂/好/会/完
Result complements
错、懂、好、会、完 after a verb specify an outcome: getting it wrong, understanding, completing properly, learning a skill or finishing.
我做完作业了。
I have finished my homework.
Lainnya
写错 write incorrectly; 听懂 understand what one hears; 做好 complete properly; 学会 learn how; 看完 finish reading/watching. Negating a particular attained result often uses 没: 没听懂. Potential inability uses 听不懂 at a later lesson.
Jebakan: Doing an action does not guarantee its result: 听了 need not mean 听懂了.
来
Movement relative to a viewpoint
来 points toward the reference point, 去 away from it; after another verb they indicate its directional outcome.
请拿来。
Please bring it here.
Lainnya
Jebakan: Choose 来 or 去 from the relevant viewpoint, not mechanically from English go.
动词+上/下/进/出/过/回
Simple direction complements
上、下、进、出、过、回 after a movement verb identify a path or destination change.
他走进教室了。
He walked into the classroom.
Lainnya
走上楼 go upstairs; 走下楼 go downstairs; 走进教室 enter; 走出教室 exit; 走过桥 cross a bridge; 走回家 return home on foot. The directional complement follows the action and precedes an appropriate destination/path object.
Jebakan: 进 describes entry, not the activity's duration.
进教室来
Compound direction complements
Combine a path with 来 or 去: 进来、出去、回来. A place object commonly appears between the path and 来/去.
他走进教室来了。
He walked into the classroom toward us.
Lainnya
出来/出去: out toward/away from the viewpoint; 过来/过去: over toward/away; 回来/回去: back toward/away; 进来/进去: in toward/away; 上来/上去: up toward/away; 下来/下去: down toward/away; 起来: rise/get up, with other extended uses taught separately.
Jebakan: Do not put a place object after 来/去 mechanically.
得
Manner complements with 得
Verb+得+description evaluates how an action is performed. With an object, repeat the verb or move the object into a suitable topic position.
她汉语说得很好。
She speaks Chinese very well.
Lainnya
Jebakan: 说很好 lacks the normal complement marker for this intended structure.
表示动作持续的时间
Duration after a verb
A time complement tells how long an action lasts. Object placement may require verb repetition or a construction suited to the noun.
我看书看了一个小时。
I read for an hour.
Lainnya
Compare 我学了一年汉语 (one year of study) with 我一点学汉语 (study at one o'clock). With an object and complex duration, verb repetition can help: 我看书看了一个小时. Not every verb supports the same duration pattern; punctually completed events can instead yield an elapsed-since reading.
Jebakan: A duration is not a clock time such as 一点.
两岁
Difference amounts
After a comparative adjective, a quantity can specify the size of the difference.
他比我大两岁。
He is two years older than me.
Lainnya
Jebakan: 两岁 measures the difference, not his total age.
身体很好
Subject–predicate predicates
A larger topic can be followed by a smaller subject and its predicate, describing one aspect of that topic.
他身体很好。
He is in good health.
Lainnya
Jebakan: 他 is the overall topic; 身体 is what 很好 directly describes.
Detail sumber (silabus resmi)
Result complements
- Butir silabus
- 动词+错/懂/好/会/完
- Kategori
- 结果补语1
- ID tata bahasa
- grammar-L2-048
- Halaman PDF
- 390 (cetak 387)
Movement relative to a viewpoint
- Butir silabus
- 简单趋向补语的趋向意义用法：（1）动词+来/去
- Kategori
- 趋向补语1
- ID tata bahasa
- grammar-L2-049
- Halaman PDF
- 390 (cetak 387)
Simple direction complements
- Butir silabus
- （2）动词+上/下/进/出/过/回
- Kategori
- 趋向补语1
- ID tata bahasa
- grammar-L2-050
- Halaman PDF
- 390 (cetak 387)
Compound direction complements
- Butir silabus
- 复合趋向补语的趋向意义用法：动词+出来/出去/过来/过去/回来/回去/进来/进去/起来/上来/上去/下来/下去
- Kategori
- 趋向补语1
- ID tata bahasa
- grammar-L2-051
- Halaman PDF
- 390 (cetak 387)
Manner complements with 得
- Butir silabus
- 动词+得+形容词性短语
- Kategori
- 状态补语1
- ID tata bahasa
- grammar-L2-052
- Halaman PDF
- 390 (cetak 387)
Duration after a verb
- Butir silabus
- （1）表示动作持续的时间
- Kategori
- 数量补语2
- ID tata bahasa
- grammar-L2-053
- Halaman PDF
- 390 (cetak 387)
Difference amounts
- Butir silabus
- （2）形容词+数量补语
- Kategori
- 数量补语2
- ID tata bahasa
- grammar-L2-054
- Halaman PDF
- 390 (cetak 387)
Subject–predicate predicates
- Butir silabus
- 主谓句4：主谓谓语句
- Kategori
- 单句
- ID tata bahasa
- grammar-L2-055
- Halaman PDF
- 390 (cetak 387)
- 1FILL BLANK
我做作业了。
Choose the expression that completes the sentence.
“I have finished my homework.”
- 2FILL BLANK
他。
Choose the expression that completes the sentence.
“He is in good health.”
- 3MATCH
Tap a sentence, then tap its meaning.
Ketuk sebuah kalimat, lalu ketuk artinya.
- 4CHOOSE
Which explicitly says the listener understood?
- 5CHOOSE
我看完这本书了。
Which part explicitly expresses completion?
- 6ORDER
Tap the chunks to build the sentence.
“I have finished my homework.”
Ketuk potongan kalimat sesuai urutan. - 7ORDER
Tap the chunks to build the sentence.
“He walked into the classroom.”
Ketuk potongan kalimat sesuai urutan.
0 dari 7 tugas terjawab.
Pelajaran berikutnya: Choice, commands and presented states →动词+错/懂/好/会/完Result complements
- 我写错了一个字，爸爸说没关系，让我再写一次。 Doing Homework with Dad · HSK 2
- 老师想了想，说：“好，那我只叫‘王明’。” Two Wang Mings · HSK 1
- 我跑得很快，最后跑完了比赛，成绩不错。 Sports Meet at Our School · HSK 3
来Movement relative to a viewpoint
- 第二天，他也拿了一个小本子来，说：“我也这样学。” Forty Minutes on the Subway · HSK 2
- 公司来了一个新同事，叫小林。 Xiao Lin's Big Cup · HSK 2
- 这个星期六，哥哥带我去了那个地方，教我打乒乓球。 Learning to Play Table Tennis with My Older Brother · HSK 3
动词+上/下/进/出/过/回Simple direction complements
- 我做了米饭，又拿出几个鸡蛋。 Who Does the Dishes Today · HSK 3
- 我去了远一点儿的商店，那里的面包没有楼下的好吃。 The Bakery Downstairs · HSK 2
- 雨水也流进了店里。 Sebelum Hujan · HSK 3
进教室来Compound direction complements
- 水一直从水龙头里出来，声音很小。 A Leaking Tap at Home · HSK 3
- 姐姐过来看了一次，说我们两个人吃，做三个吧。 Who Does the Dishes Today · HSK 3
- 她停了一下，没有进去。 It’s Green Now, Right? · HSK 3
得Manner complements with 得
- 后来我打得好一点儿了，也有几次能跟哥哥打很长时间。 Learning to Play Table Tennis with My Older Brother · HSK 3
- 小林又要收箱子，又要捡纸，急得不知道该先做哪一件。 Sebelum Hujan · HSK 3
- 他筷子用得不错，吃鱼、吃面条儿都没问题。 Where to Put the Chopsticks · HSK 3