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HSK 2Pelajaran 10 dari 13 · 5 poin tata bahasa

Choice, commands and presented states

Use 还是 when genuinely offering a choice. Distinguish commands from statements, identification from measurement, and a state presented at a location from a straightforward action report. These constructions organize both meaning and information flow.

Learning goals (5)
  • Choice questions.
  • Negative commands.
  • Descriptive identity with 是.
  • Reaching a measure with 有.
  • Existence of a maintained state.

还是

Choice questions

Use 还是 to offer alternatives in a direct choice question.

你喝茶还是喝咖啡？

Nǐ hē chá hái shì hē kā fēi?

Will you have tea or coffee?

Lainnya

Jebakan: An ordinary choice question does not also need 吗.

别

Negative commands

别 introduces a prohibition or request to stop. Add a reason or 请 when appropriate to the relationship.

别说话。

Bié shuō huà.

Don't talk.

Lainnya

Jebakan: 别说话 is a command; 没说话 reports that speaking did not occur.

表示说明或特征

Descriptive identity with 是

是 can identify defining properties through a noun-like phrase, including a 的 phrase describing material or color.

这件衣服是红色的。

Zhè jiàn yī fu shì hóng sè de.

This item of clothing is red.

Lainnya

Jebakan: This does not license inserting 是 before every bare adjective.

表示达到

Reaching a measure with 有

有 can state that something reaches an amount or extent, often with an adjective or measurement expression.

这条鱼有两斤重。

Zhè tiáo yú yǒu liǎng jīn zhòng.

This fish weighs two jin.

Lainnya

Jebakan: This 有 measures extent rather than possession of two separate objects.

挂着

Existence of a maintained state

Place+verb+着+noun presents something at a location in a particular state.

墙上挂着一张照片。

Qiáng shàng guà zhe yī zhāng zhào piān.

A photograph hangs on the wall.

Lainnya

Jebakan: The location comes first; the introduced object follows the state predicate.

Detail sumber (silabus resmi)

  • Choice questions

    Butir silabus
    用“还是”连接的选择问句
    Kategori
    疑问句
    ID tata bahasa
    grammar-L2-056
    Halaman PDF
    390 (cetak 387)

  • Negative commands

    Butir silabus
    用“别”的祈使句
    Kategori
    祈使句
    ID tata bahasa
    grammar-L2-057
    Halaman PDF
    390 (cetak 387)

  • Descriptive identity with 是

    Butir silabus
    表示说明或特征
    Kategori
    “是”字句2
    ID tata bahasa
    grammar-L2-058
    Halaman PDF
    390 (cetak 387)

  • Reaching a measure with 有

    Butir silabus
    表示达到
    Kategori
    “有”字句2
    ID tata bahasa
    grammar-L2-059
    Halaman PDF
    390 (cetak 387)

  • Existence of a maintained state

    Butir silabus
    处所+动词+着(+数量短语)+名词
    Kategori
    存现句2
    ID tata bahasa
    grammar-L2-060
    Halaman PDF
    390 (cetak 387)