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HSK 2Bài 10/13 · 5 điểm ngữ pháp

Choice, commands and presented states

Use 还是 when genuinely offering a choice. Distinguish commands from statements, identification from measurement, and a state presented at a location from a straightforward action report. These constructions organize both meaning and information flow.

Learning goals (5)
  • Choice questions.
  • Negative commands.
  • Descriptive identity with 是.
  • Reaching a measure with 有.
  • Existence of a maintained state.

还是

Choice questions

Use 还是 to offer alternatives in a direct choice question.

你喝茶还是喝咖啡？

Nǐ hē chá hái shì hē kā fēi?

Will you have tea or coffee?

Thêm

Lỗi hay gặp: An ordinary choice question does not also need 吗.

别

Negative commands

别 introduces a prohibition or request to stop. Add a reason or 请 when appropriate to the relationship.

别说话。

Bié shuō huà.

Don't talk.

Thêm

Lỗi hay gặp: 别说话 is a command; 没说话 reports that speaking did not occur.

表示说明或特征

Descriptive identity with 是

是 can identify defining properties through a noun-like phrase, including a 的 phrase describing material or color.

这件衣服是红色的。

Zhè jiàn yī fu shì hóng sè de.

This item of clothing is red.

Thêm

Lỗi hay gặp: This does not license inserting 是 before every bare adjective.

表示达到

Reaching a measure with 有

有 can state that something reaches an amount or extent, often with an adjective or measurement expression.

这条鱼有两斤重。

Zhè tiáo yú yǒu liǎng jīn zhòng.

This fish weighs two jin.

Thêm

Lỗi hay gặp: This 有 measures extent rather than possession of two separate objects.

挂着

Existence of a maintained state

Place+verb+着+noun presents something at a location in a particular state.

墙上挂着一张照片。

Qiáng shàng guà zhe yī zhāng zhào piān.

A photograph hangs on the wall.

Thêm

Lỗi hay gặp: The location comes first; the introduced object follows the state predicate.

Chi tiết nguồn (đề cương chính thức)

  • Choice questions

    Mục trong đề cương
    用“还是”连接的选择问句
    Loại
    疑问句
    Mã ngữ pháp
    grammar-L2-056
    Trang PDF
    390 (trang in 387)

  • Negative commands

    Mục trong đề cương
    用“别”的祈使句
    Loại
    祈使句
    Mã ngữ pháp
    grammar-L2-057
    Trang PDF
    390 (trang in 387)

  • Descriptive identity with 是

    Mục trong đề cương
    表示说明或特征
    Loại
    “是”字句2
    Mã ngữ pháp
    grammar-L2-058
    Trang PDF
    390 (trang in 387)

  • Reaching a measure with 有

    Mục trong đề cương
    表示达到
    Loại
    “有”字句2
    Mã ngữ pháp
    grammar-L2-059
    Trang PDF
    390 (trang in 387)

  • Existence of a maintained state

    Mục trong đề cương
    处所+动词+着(+数量短语)+名词
    Loại
    存现句2
    Mã ngữ pháp
    grammar-L2-060
    Trang PDF
    390 (trang in 387)