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HSK 1Bài 7/13 · 7 điểm ngữ pháp

How phrases are built

A phrase has an internal organization and an external role. A coordinated group, an action with its object and a reference object with a position word are different structures. Identifying the head prevents word-by-word translation errors.

Learning goals (7)
  • Coordinated phrases.
  • Modifier–head phrases.
  • Verb–object phrases.
  • Subject–predicate phrases.
  • Number–classifier phrases.
  • Prepositional phrases.
  • Location phrases.

爸爸和妈妈

Coordinated phrases

Parallel elements share a grammatical role: nouns with nouns, or predicates with predicates. 和 commonly joins nominal members.

爸爸和妈妈都在家。

Bà bà hé mā mā dōu zài jiā.

Dad and Mom are both at home.

Thêm

Lỗi hay gặp: A coordinated subject can take 都; the verb does not change for plural subjects.

新书

Modifier–head phrases

A modifier narrows the following head: 我的书 or 很好. Identify the head to understand what kind of phrase the whole unit is.

这是我的新书。

Zhè shì wǒ de xīn shū.

This is my new book.

Thêm

Lỗi hay gặp: Not every modifier requires 的; learn conventional combinations.

学汉语

Verb–object phrases

The action precedes its object, as in 喝水 and 学汉语. Treat the object as a phrase, not necessarily one character.

我每天学汉语。

Wǒ měi tiān xué hàn yǔ.

I study Chinese every day.

Thêm

Lỗi hay gặp: Basic Chinese order is verb then object, not object then verb.

天气很好

Subject–predicate phrases

A phrase can state something about its own subject, such as 天气好. The predicate need not contain 是.

今天天气很好。

Jīn tiān tiān qì hěn hǎo.

The weather is nice today.

Thêm

Lỗi hay gặp: Do not insert 是 before every adjective predicate.

两个

Number–classifier phrases

A numeral plus classifier can modify a noun or stand alone when the noun is understood.

我要两个。

Wǒ yào liǎng gè.

I would like two.

Thêm

Lỗi hay gặp: The understood noun determines the classifier even when omitted.

和老师

Prepositional phrases

A preposition and its object form a unit such as 在学校 or 和朋友. Put the whole unit in the appropriate position relative to the action.

她和老师说话。

Tā hé lǎo shī shuō huà.

She is talking with the teacher.

Thêm

Lỗi hay gặp: Do not detach 老师 from 和 when identifying the participant phrase.

门外

Location phrases

Combine a reference object with a position word: 学校里、门外. The entire phrase can serve as a location.

他在门外。

Tā zài mén wài.

He is outside the door.

Thêm

Lỗi hay gặp: 外 follows the reference object; it is not a standalone English-style preposition here.

Chi tiết nguồn (đề cương chính thức)

  • Coordinated phrases

    Mục trong đề cương
    （1）联合短语
    Loại
    基本结构类型
    Mã ngữ pháp
    grammar-L1-028
    Trang PDF
    387 (trang in 384)

  • Modifier–head phrases

    Mục trong đề cương
    （2）偏正短语
    Loại
    基本结构类型
    Mã ngữ pháp
    grammar-L1-029
    Trang PDF
    387 (trang in 384)

  • Verb–object phrases

    Mục trong đề cương
    （3）动宾短语
    Loại
    基本结构类型
    Mã ngữ pháp
    grammar-L1-030
    Trang PDF
    387 (trang in 384)

  • Subject–predicate phrases

    Mục trong đề cương
    （4）主谓短语
    Loại
    基本结构类型
    Mã ngữ pháp
    grammar-L1-031
    Trang PDF
    387 (trang in 384)

  • Number–classifier phrases

    Mục trong đề cương
    （1）数量短语
    Loại
    其他结构类型
    Mã ngữ pháp
    grammar-L1-032
    Trang PDF
    387 (trang in 384)

  • Prepositional phrases

    Mục trong đề cương
    （2）介宾短语
    Loại
    其他结构类型
    Mã ngữ pháp
    grammar-L1-033
    Trang PDF
    387 (trang in 384)

  • Location phrases

    Mục trong đề cương
    （3）方位短语
    Loại
    其他结构类型
    Mã ngữ pháp
    grammar-L1-034
    Trang PDF
    387 (trang in 384)