Theo đề cương HSK 3.0 chính thức
Ngữ pháp HSK 1
Ngữ pháp HSK 1 là những viên gạch đầu tiên: đại từ và chỉ thị từ, từ để hỏi, lượng từ, phủ định với 不 và 没, 了 cho việc đã xảy ra và từ chỉ vị trí.
13 bài học · 70 điểm ngữ pháp · Bài đọc HSK 1 · Từ vựng HSK 1
- Building words and locating thingsRecognize the difference between a word-forming element and an independent word. Build ordinary location phrases and distinguish a person's familiar form of address from a statement about age. Read the head of a phrase before interpreting its modifiers.3 điểm ngữ pháp
- Skills, intentions and permissionAsk three separate questions when reading a modal: does the person know how, do circumstances permit it, or do they want to act? These meanings overlap in everyday conversation, so use context rather than a one-word translation.4 điểm ngữ pháp
- People, questions and pointingPronouns replace recoverable people or things; demonstratives point to them; question words leave an information slot open. Keep that slot in its ordinary Chinese position. Written distinctions such as 他 and 她 are not audible distinctions.3 điểm ngữ pháp
- Counting objects, time and ageA number does not tell you what is being counted. The following classifier or unit supplies that information. Learn noun-classifier combinations as useful phrases and keep clock time, elapsed time and age separate.4 điểm ngữ pháp
- Degree, scope, progress and negationAdverbs normally appear before the predicate they modify. Determine whether an adverb concerns intensity, the size of a group, an ongoing action or repetition. Then check where negation falls: a small word-order change can alter the entire claim.6 điểm ngữ pháp
- Connecting participants and shaping tonePrepositions introduce participants and settings, conjunctions join comparable units, and particles connect an utterance to the conversation. One written word may perform different jobs. Read its position and the surrounding predicate rather than relying only on its dictionary gloss.7 điểm ngữ pháp
- How phrases are builtA phrase has an internal organization and an external role. A coordinated group, an action with its object and a reference object with a position word are different structures. Identifying the head prevents word-by-word translation errors.7 điểm ngữ pháp
- The main parts of a sentenceFind the subject and predicate first, then locate the object, noun modifiers, adverbials and complements. These roles are not determined by word count: a whole clause can later fill a single role. At this level, practice with transparent short sentences.7 điểm ngữ pháp
- Making statementsChinese allows action predicates, adjective predicates, some nominal predicates and complete utterances without an overt subject. Do not force every sentence into an English subject-plus-be template. Ask what the speaker is actually asserting about the topic.5 điểm ngữ pháp
- Questions, requests and reactionsA yes/no question, an information question and an A-not-A question require different structures. Requests and exclamations perform different conversational actions again. Choose the sentence form for the communicative goal, not simply for its punctuation.5 điểm ngữ pháp
- Identity, existence and linked actions是 identifies, 有 introduces possession or existence, and location-first sentences organize information differently from thing-first sentences. Serial verbs can express purpose or means; double objects distinguish a recipient from the thing transferred.7 điểm ngữ pháp
- Connecting clauses and viewing eventsA narrative can combine clauses without a conjunction, add a parallel fact with 也 or an extra fact with 还. Aspect markers then show whether an event is realized, a state has changed, or an action continues. They are not English tense endings.8 điểm ngữ pháp
- Everyday numbers, dates and timesDates move from larger to smaller units; ordinal numbers identify position rather than amount. Prices and clock times have conventional spoken forms. Read these expressions as units instead of interpreting each digit independently.4 điểm ngữ pháp
- Level review: A visit to the bookshopPremiumCả 13 bài của HSK 1 · 5 câu hỏi trên một bài đọc