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HSK 1Bài 9/13 · 5 điểm ngữ pháp

Making statements

Chinese allows action predicates, adjective predicates, some nominal predicates and complete utterances without an overt subject. Do not force every sentence into an English subject-plus-be template. Ask what the speaker is actually asserting about the topic.

Learning goals (5)
  • Verb-predicate sentences.
  • Adjective-predicate sentences.
  • Nominal-predicate sentences.
  • Sentences without an expressed subject.
  • Statements.

喝

Verb-predicate sentences

Build the core statement as subject+verb+object, adding time or location before the action when needed.

弟弟喝牛奶。

Dì di hē niú nǎi.

My younger brother drinks milk.

Thêm

Lỗi hay gặp: Chinese verbs do not change form merely because the subject changes.

不贵

Adjective-predicate sentences

Describe qualities with subject+degree word+adjective. 不 can negate the quality directly.

这本书不贵。

Zhè běn shū bù guì.

This book is not expensive.

Thêm

Lỗi hay gặp: 不是贵 is not the neutral basic negation of expensive.

星期一

Nominal-predicate sentences

Short predicates can give dates, times or ages directly. The context makes their relation to the subject clear.

今天星期一。

Jīn tiān xīng qī yī.

Today is Monday.

Thêm

Lỗi hay gặp: Do not generalize this pattern to every noun: identification commonly uses 是.

请进

Sentences without an expressed subject

Greetings, commands and brief situational utterances can function without an explicit subject. Recover meaning from the setting.

请进！

Qǐng jìn!

Please come in!

Thêm

Lỗi hay gặp: A complete utterance need not always have an overt subject.

住在北京

Statements

A statement supplies information rather than directly requesting it. Its predicate can describe action, identity, location or a quality.

我住在北京。

Wǒ zhù zài běi jīng.

I live in Beijing.

Thêm

Lỗi hay gặp: No question particle is needed in a plain statement.

Chi tiết nguồn (đề cương chính thức)

  • Verb-predicate sentences

    Mục trong đề cương
    主谓句1：动词谓语句
    Loại
    单句
    Mã ngữ pháp
    grammar-L1-042
    Trang PDF
    387 (trang in 384)

  • Adjective-predicate sentences

    Mục trong đề cương
    主谓句2：形容词谓语句
    Loại
    单句
    Mã ngữ pháp
    grammar-L1-043
    Trang PDF
    387 (trang in 384)

  • Nominal-predicate sentences

    Mục trong đề cương
    主谓句3：名词谓语句
    Loại
    单句
    Mã ngữ pháp
    grammar-L1-044
    Trang PDF
    387 (trang in 384)

  • Sentences without an expressed subject

    Mục trong đề cương
    非主谓句
    Loại
    单句
    Mã ngữ pháp
    grammar-L1-045
    Trang PDF
    387 (trang in 384)

  • Statements

    Mục trong đề cương
    陈述句
    Loại
    陈述句
    Mã ngữ pháp
    grammar-L1-046
    Trang PDF
    387 (trang in 384)