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HSK 1Bài 1/13 · 3 điểm ngữ pháp

Building words and locating things

Recognize the difference between a word-forming element and an independent word. Build ordinary location phrases and distinguish a person's familiar form of address from a statement about age. Read the head of a phrase before interpreting its modifiers.

Learning goals (3)
  • Prefixes: 小 and 第.
  • Suffixes: 们 and 边.
  • Position words.

小—、第—

Prefixes: 小 and 第

小 before a surname can make a familiar form of address; 第 before a number creates an ordinal. Do not use familiar address indiscriminately with strangers.

这是我第一次来中国。

Zhè shì wǒ dì yī cì lái zhōng guó.

This is my first visit to China.

Thêm

小王 is a familiar address for someone surnamed Wang; 第一课 identifies lesson one. The prefix functions differ: familiarity is social, whereas ordinal 第 expresses order.

Lỗi hay gặp: 小王 is an address form; 第一个 means the first one.

—们、—边

Suffixes: 们 and 边

们 forms familiar human plurals, especially pronouns. 边 builds location words such as 前边. Neither suffix attaches freely to every noun.

我们在学校前边。

Wǒ men zài xué xiào qián biān.

We are in front of the school.

Thêm

我们、你们、他们、她们、它们 form common pronoun plurals. 前边、后边、里边、外边 are conventional location words. Do not add 们 to every inanimate noun or attach 边 to an arbitrary noun.

Lỗi hay gặp: Do not normally combine a numeral with noun+们: 三个学生, not 三个学生们.

上、下、里、外、前、后

Position words

Place 上、下、里、外、前、后 after a place or object to locate something relative to it.

书在桌子上。

Shū zài zhuō zi shàng.

The book is on the table.

Thêm

桌子上 on the table; 桌子下 under the table; 房间里 inside the room; 门外 outside the door; 学校前 in front of the school; 学校后 behind the school. In natural speech, 边 or 面 may accompany several position words.

Lỗi hay gặp: Chinese puts the reference object before the position word: 桌子上.

Chi tiết nguồn (đề cương chính thức)

  • Prefixes: 小 and 第

    Mục trong đề cương
    小—、第—
    Mã ngữ pháp
    grammar-L1-001
    Trang PDF
    386 (trang in 383)

  • Suffixes: 们 and 边

    Mục trong đề cương
    —们、—边
    Mã ngữ pháp
    grammar-L1-002
    Trang PDF
    386 (trang in 383)

  • Position words

    Mục trong đề cương
    上、下、里、外、前、后
    Loại
    方位名词
    Mã ngữ pháp
    grammar-L1-003
    Trang PDF
    386 (trang in 383)