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HSK 1Bài 3/13 · 3 điểm ngữ pháp

People, questions and pointing

Pronouns replace recoverable people or things; demonstratives point to them; question words leave an information slot open. Keep that slot in its ordinary Chinese position. Written distinctions such as 他 and 她 are not audible distinctions.

Learning goals (3)
  • Question words.
  • Personal pronouns.
  • Demonstratives.

什么

Question words

Keep 谁、什么、哪里 and other question words in the position of the missing information. 几 commonly asks a small number; 多少 is less restricted.

你想买什么？

Nǐ xiǎng mǎi shén me?

What would you like to buy?

Thêm

谁 asks who; 什么 what; 哪+classifier+noun which; 哪儿/哪里 where; 哪些 which ones; 几+classifier how many, often a small number; 多少 how many/much; 多+adjective how tall/old/far; 怎么 how; 怎么样 how something is or how a suggestion sounds. Examples: 你多大？你有几本书？这本书多少钱？我们明天去，怎么样？

Lỗi hay gặp: Do not move 什么 to the front merely because English moves what.

我们

Personal pronouns

我、你、他 refer to participants; 您 is respectful. 他、她、它 share the pronunciation tā but differ in writing. 大家 already refers to a group.

我们都是学生。

Wǒ men dōu shì xué shēng.

We are all students.

Thêm

Lỗi hay gặp: 大家 normally does not need 们.

这本

Demonstratives

这 and 那 point to entities; 这里 and 那里 point to locations. Before a counted noun, use a classifier: 这本书. 有的 selects some members.

这本书是我的。

Zhè běn shū shì wǒ de.

This book is mine.

Thêm

这个/那个 indicate a counted entity; 这些/那些 a plural set; 这儿/那儿 and 这里/那里 locations. 有的、有些 select some members: 有的人喜欢茶，有的人喜欢咖啡. Do not insert an ordinary classifier after 每 or 这/那 without considering conventional forms such as 每天 and 这里.

Lỗi hay gặp: Do not use 这里书 for this book.

Chi tiết nguồn (đề cương chính thức)

  • Question words

    Mục trong đề cương
    多、多少、几、哪、哪儿、哪里、哪些、什么、谁、怎么、怎么样
    Loại
    疑问代词
    Mã ngữ pháp
    grammar-L1-008
    Trang PDF
    386 (trang in 383)

  • Personal pronouns

    Mục trong đề cương
    我、你、您、他、她、我们、你们、他们、她们、它、它们、大家
    Loại
    人称代词
    Mã ngữ pháp
    grammar-L1-009
    Trang PDF
    386 (trang in 383)

  • Demonstratives

    Mục trong đề cương
    这、那、这儿、那儿、这里、那里、这些、那些、有的、这个、那个、有些
    Loại
    指示代词
    Mã ngữ pháp
    grammar-L1-010
    Trang PDF
    386 (trang in 383)