HSK 5Pelajaran 2 dari 11 · 7 poin tata bahasa
Precision in degree, timing and stance
Higher-level adverbs distinguish excess from intensity, eventuality from imminence, deliberate effort from personal involvement and fulfilled expectations from reversal. Read the speaker's prior assumption to interpret 反而、果然 or 居然 accurately.
Learning goals (7)
- Strong and excessive degree.
- Phases and urgency.
- Recurring tendencies.
- Best efforts and personal involvement.
- Prompt consequences.
- Seeming and resemblance.
- Stance and expectation.
过于
Strong and excessive degree
过于 signals excessive degree; 相当 considerable degree; 较 formal comparison; 格外 special intensity; 极其 extreme degree. 可 can add colloquial emphasis.
别过于担心。
Don't worry excessively.
Lainnya
过于复杂 excessively complex; 相当困难 quite difficult; 较好 relatively good; 可漂亮了 really pretty in conversation; 格外安静 exceptionally quiet; 极其重要 extremely important. Degree and appropriateness are separate: over-complex includes criticism, very complex need not.
Jebakan: 过于 usually implies excess, unlike a neutral 很.
即将
Phases and urgency
曾经 and 早已 look back; 即将 anticipates; 渐渐 develops; 立刻、连忙、急忙、尽快 urge or describe speed; 始终、时刻 continuity; 早晚 eventuality.
他即将离开这座城市。
He is about to leave this city.
Lainnya
时刻准备 always be ready; 曾经住过 once lived; 立刻答应 agree at once; 连忙道歉 promptly apologize; 始终坚持 persist throughout; 早已完成 finished long ago; 即将开始 about to start; 急忙出门 hurry out; 渐渐变冷 gradually turn cold; 尽快回复 reply as soon as possible; 早晚会明白 understand sooner or later.
Jebakan: 早晚 can mean sooner or later, not only morning and evening.
老是、通常、时常
Recurring tendencies
通常 gives a usual pattern; 时常 frequent occurrence; 老是 often adds an annoyed or insistent evaluation.
他老是忘记带钥匙。
He keeps forgetting his keys.
Lainnya
Jebakan: 通常 is typically more neutral than complaining 老是.
尽量、亲自
Best efforts and personal involvement
尽量 asks for the greatest feasible effort, not a guarantee; 亲自 emphasizes doing something oneself.
经理亲自来接我们。
The manager came personally to meet us.
Lainnya
Jebakan: 亲自 concerns personal involvement, not reciprocal action.
便、一旦
Prompt consequences
便 links a prompt following result in written narrative; 一旦 sets an activating condition.
收到消息后，他便出发了。
After receiving the news, he set off.
Lainnya
Jebakan: 一旦 emphasizes activation of a condition, not simply any repeated action.
似乎、仿佛
Seeming and resemblance
似乎 hedges an inference; 仿佛 suggests seeming or a vivid resemblance, sometimes in imaginative description.
他似乎有点儿不高兴。
He seems a little unhappy.
Lainnya
Jebakan: A seeming judgment is not an assertion of certainty.
反而
Stance and expectation
毕竟 invokes a relevant fact; 居然 surprise; 果然 confirmation; 反而 reversal; 反正 dismissal of alternatives; 根本/绝对 strengthen; 白 marks wasted effort; 刚好 a match.
我以为他会生气，他反而笑了。
I thought he would be angry, but instead he smiled.
Lainnya
毕竟是孩子 invokes childhood as relevant; 居然忘了 marks surprise; 反正不去 dismisses alternatives; 根本不知道 denies at the root; 果然来了 confirms; 简直不敢相信 intensifies; 绝对不会 emphatically rejects; 的确很好 confirms; 反而笑了 reverses expectation; 白跑一趟 means a wasted trip; 刚好赶上 means just in time; 可别忘了 adds insistence.
Jebakan: 简直、的确 and emphatic 可 have different registers and strengths; do not merge all into really.
Detail sumber (silabus resmi)
Strong and excessive degree
- Butir silabus
- 过于、相当、较1、可2、格外、极其
- Kategori
- 程度副词
- ID tata bahasa
- grammar-L5-005
- Halaman PDF
- 398 (cetak 395)
Phases and urgency
- Butir silabus
- 时刻、曾经、立刻、连忙、始终、早已、即将、急忙、渐渐、尽快、早晚
- Kategori
- 时间副词
- ID tata bahasa
- grammar-L5-006
- Halaman PDF
- 398 (cetak 395)
Recurring tendencies
- Butir silabus
- 老是、通常、时常
- Kategori
- 频率副词
- ID tata bahasa
- grammar-L5-007
- Halaman PDF
- 398 (cetak 395)
Best efforts and personal involvement
- Butir silabus
- 尽量、亲自
- Kategori
- 方式副词
- ID tata bahasa
- grammar-L5-008
- Halaman PDF
- 398 (cetak 395)
Prompt consequences
- Butir silabus
- 便、一旦
- Kategori
- 关联副词
- ID tata bahasa
- grammar-L5-009
- Halaman PDF
- 398 (cetak 395)
Seeming and resemblance
- Butir silabus
- 似乎、仿佛
- Kategori
- 情态副词
- ID tata bahasa
- grammar-L5-010
- Halaman PDF
- 398 (cetak 395)
Stance and expectation
- Butir silabus
- 毕竟、居然、反正、根本、果然、简直、绝对、的确、反而、白、刚好、可3
- Kategori
- 语气副词
- ID tata bahasa
- grammar-L5-011
- Halaman PDF
- 398 (cetak 395)
- 1FILL BLANK
别担心。
Choose the expression that completes the sentence.
“Don't worry excessively.”
- 2FILL BLANK
我以为他会生气，他笑了。
Choose the expression that completes the sentence.
“I thought he would be angry, but instead he smiled.”
- 3MATCH
Tap a sentence, then tap its meaning.
Ketuk sebuah kalimat, lalu ketuk artinya.
- 4CHOOSE
Which marks a result contrary to expectation?
- 5CHOOSE
大家以为他会生气，他反而笑了。
What expectation is reversed?
- 6ORDER
Tap the chunks to build the sentence.
“Don't worry excessively.”
Ketuk potongan kalimat sesuai urutan. - 7ORDER
Tap the chunks to build the sentence.
“He is about to leave this city.”
Ketuk potongan kalimat sesuai urutan.
0 dari 7 tugas terjawab.
Pelajaran berikutnya: Evidence, routes and written connections →过于Strong and excessive degree
- 但是我发现，他格外珍惜它，至今也没丢。 Twenty Yuan of Pocket Money · HSK 5
- 公司那几天格外忙碌，再加上火车票十分紧张，我只好留在北京。 The Moon on a Video Call · HSK 5
即将Phases and urgency
- 我们没有立刻把父亲拉回群，而是先问他希望怎样联系。 Melihat Bukan Berarti Menjawab · HSK 5
- 他们的儿子曾经是这条街上最幸运的孩子，如今在外地工作，很少回来。 The Changing Old Street · HSK 6
- 那些曾经觉得难以忍受的孤独与挫折，如今都成了我人生中闪闪发光的财富。 Reflections on Studying Abroad · HSK 6
老是、通常、时常Recurring tendencies
- 我们通常很快看见，却很少认真回复。 Melihat Bukan Berarti Menjawab · HSK 5
- 以前在家过中秋，我时常觉得没什么意思：吃一顿饭，看一会儿电视，一个晚上就过去了。 The Moon on a Video Call · HSK 5
- 刚开始我很不适应，时常忘记。 The Doctor Didn't Give Me Medicine · HSK 5
尽量、亲自Best efforts and personal involvement
- 于是我们约定：这段时间不在阳台上晒衣服，也尽量少开阳台的门。 The Nest on the Balcony · HSK 5
- 终于有一天，我再也忍不住了，决定亲自去找她，无论如何也要让她给我一个解释的机会。 Aku Salah Paham terhadap Temanku · HSK 5
便、一旦Prompt consequences
- 那天我们聊了很久，我这才明白，朋友之间一旦有了疑问，就应该及时说清楚，而不是一个人胡乱猜测。 Aku Salah Paham terhadap Temanku · HSK 5
- 妈妈走进厨房，看了看我的“作品”，估计是看出了问题，便笑着说：“你太着急了，发面的时间不够。” I Learned to Make Baozi · HSK 5
似乎、仿佛Seeming and resemblance
- 从旁边看，杯子里的水似乎有一点儿发蓝；从对面看，那束光变成了淡淡的黄色。 Where Did the Blue Light Go · HSK 5
- 这句话，我以前似乎也听她说过。 You Get What You Pay For · HSK 5
反而Stance and expectation
- 这种方便的交流方式，反而让双方都在猜。 Melihat Bukan Berarti Menjawab · HSK 5
- “可这也算成绩吗？” One Thing Missing From the Report · HSK 5
- 毕竟排了那么久的队，结果连一片药也没拿到。 The Doctor Didn't Give Me Medicine · HSK 5