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HSK 5Bài 2/11 · 7 điểm ngữ pháp

Precision in degree, timing and stance

Higher-level adverbs distinguish excess from intensity, eventuality from imminence, deliberate effort from personal involvement and fulfilled expectations from reversal. Read the speaker's prior assumption to interpret 反而、果然 or 居然 accurately.

Learning goals (7)
  • Strong and excessive degree.
  • Phases and urgency.
  • Recurring tendencies.
  • Best efforts and personal involvement.
  • Prompt consequences.
  • Seeming and resemblance.
  • Stance and expectation.

过于

Strong and excessive degree

过于 signals excessive degree; 相当 considerable degree; 较 formal comparison; 格外 special intensity; 极其 extreme degree. 可 can add colloquial emphasis.

别过于担心。

Bié guò yú dān xīn.

Don't worry excessively.

Thêm

过于复杂 excessively complex; 相当困难 quite difficult; 较好 relatively good; 可漂亮了 really pretty in conversation; 格外安静 exceptionally quiet; 极其重要 extremely important. Degree and appropriateness are separate: over-complex includes criticism, very complex need not.

Lỗi hay gặp: 过于 usually implies excess, unlike a neutral 很.

即将

Phases and urgency

曾经 and 早已 look back; 即将 anticipates; 渐渐 develops; 立刻、连忙、急忙、尽快 urge or describe speed; 始终、时刻 continuity; 早晚 eventuality.

他即将离开这座城市。

Tā jí jiāng lí kāi zhè zuò chéng shì.

He is about to leave this city.

Thêm

时刻准备 always be ready; 曾经住过 once lived; 立刻答应 agree at once; 连忙道歉 promptly apologize; 始终坚持 persist throughout; 早已完成 finished long ago; 即将开始 about to start; 急忙出门 hurry out; 渐渐变冷 gradually turn cold; 尽快回复 reply as soon as possible; 早晚会明白 understand sooner or later.

Lỗi hay gặp: 早晚 can mean sooner or later, not only morning and evening.

老是、通常、时常

Recurring tendencies

通常 gives a usual pattern; 时常 frequent occurrence; 老是 often adds an annoyed or insistent evaluation.

他老是忘记带钥匙。

Tā lǎo shì wàng jì dài yào shi.

He keeps forgetting his keys.

Thêm

Lỗi hay gặp: 通常 is typically more neutral than complaining 老是.

尽量、亲自

Best efforts and personal involvement

尽量 asks for the greatest feasible effort, not a guarantee; 亲自 emphasizes doing something oneself.

经理亲自来接我们。

Jīng lǐ qīn zì lái jiē wǒ men.

The manager came personally to meet us.

Thêm

Lỗi hay gặp: 亲自 concerns personal involvement, not reciprocal action.

便、一旦

Prompt consequences

便 links a prompt following result in written narrative; 一旦 sets an activating condition.

收到消息后，他便出发了。

Shōu dào xiāo xī hòu, tā biàn chū fā le.

After receiving the news, he set off.

Thêm

Lỗi hay gặp: 一旦 emphasizes activation of a condition, not simply any repeated action.

似乎、仿佛

Seeming and resemblance

似乎 hedges an inference; 仿佛 suggests seeming or a vivid resemblance, sometimes in imaginative description.

他似乎有点儿不高兴。

Tā sì hū yǒu diǎnr bù gāo xìng.

He seems a little unhappy.

Thêm

Lỗi hay gặp: A seeming judgment is not an assertion of certainty.

反而

Stance and expectation

毕竟 invokes a relevant fact; 居然 surprise; 果然 confirmation; 反而 reversal; 反正 dismissal of alternatives; 根本/绝对 strengthen; 白 marks wasted effort; 刚好 a match.

我以为他会生气，他反而笑了。

Wǒ yǐ wéi tā huì shēng qì, tā fǎn ér xiào le.

I thought he would be angry, but instead he smiled.

Thêm

毕竟是孩子 invokes childhood as relevant; 居然忘了 marks surprise; 反正不去 dismisses alternatives; 根本不知道 denies at the root; 果然来了 confirms; 简直不敢相信 intensifies; 绝对不会 emphatically rejects; 的确很好 confirms; 反而笑了 reverses expectation; 白跑一趟 means a wasted trip; 刚好赶上 means just in time; 可别忘了 adds insistence.

Lỗi hay gặp: 简直、的确 and emphatic 可 have different registers and strengths; do not merge all into really.

Chi tiết nguồn (đề cương chính thức)

  • Strong and excessive degree

    Mục trong đề cương
    过于、相当、较1、可2、格外、极其
    Loại
    程度副词
    Mã ngữ pháp
    grammar-L5-005
    Trang PDF
    398 (trang in 395)

  • Phases and urgency

    Mục trong đề cương
    时刻、曾经、立刻、连忙、始终、早已、即将、急忙、渐渐、尽快、早晚
    Loại
    时间副词
    Mã ngữ pháp
    grammar-L5-006
    Trang PDF
    398 (trang in 395)

  • Recurring tendencies

    Mục trong đề cương
    老是、通常、时常
    Loại
    频率副词
    Mã ngữ pháp
    grammar-L5-007
    Trang PDF
    398 (trang in 395)

  • Best efforts and personal involvement

    Mục trong đề cương
    尽量、亲自
    Loại
    方式副词
    Mã ngữ pháp
    grammar-L5-008
    Trang PDF
    398 (trang in 395)

  • Prompt consequences

    Mục trong đề cương
    便、一旦
    Loại
    关联副词
    Mã ngữ pháp
    grammar-L5-009
    Trang PDF
    398 (trang in 395)

  • Seeming and resemblance

    Mục trong đề cương
    似乎、仿佛
    Loại
    情态副词
    Mã ngữ pháp
    grammar-L5-010
    Trang PDF
    398 (trang in 395)

  • Stance and expectation

    Mục trong đề cương
    毕竟、居然、反正、根本、果然、简直、绝对、的确、反而、白、刚好、可3
    Loại
    语气副词
    Mã ngữ pháp
    grammar-L5-011
    Trang PDF
    398 (trang in 395)