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HSK 3Bài 6/15 · 7 điểm ngữ pháp

Compact reference and perspective

Apposition names the same referent twice; repeated units distribute actions; set phrases compress evaluations. 看来 signals inference, while 在…看来 attributes a judgment to someone. Neither is necessarily a literal act of looking.

Learning goals (7)
  • Apposition.
  • Action plus outcome.
  • Repeated number–classifier units.
  • Paired negative expressions.
  • After a short interval.
  • An inference with 看来.
  • From someone's perspective.

我们老师王先生

Apposition

Two adjacent nominal expressions may identify the same referent, for example a name and a role.

我们老师王先生来了。

Wǒ men lǎo shī wáng xiān shēng lái le.

Our teacher, Mr. Wang, has arrived.

Thêm

Lỗi hay gặp: Apposition refers to one person here, not two coordinated people.

找到

Action plus outcome

A complement can indicate attainment, direction, possibility or degree. Identify the whole predicate before translating.

我终于找到了钥匙。

Wǒ zhōng yú zhǎo dào le yào shi.

I finally found the key.

Thêm

Lỗi hay gặp: 找 is searching; 找到 expresses successful finding.

一个一个

Repeated number–classifier units

Repeating a quantity unit describes distribution or succession: 一个一个, 一张一张.

请一个一个地进来。

Qǐng yī gè yī gè de jìn lái.

Please come in one at a time.

Thêm

一个一个地来 come one at a time; 一张一张地检查 check sheet by sheet. The repeated unit controls how the activity is distributed, not how many participants exist in total.

Lỗi hay gặp: The repetition gives a manner of distribution rather than multiplication.

不A 不 B

Paired negative expressions

不A不B forms established balanced descriptions such as 不大不小. The interpretation depends on the selected pair.

这个房间不大不小。

Zhè ge fáng jiān bù dà bù xiǎo.

This room is neither big nor small.

Thêm

不大不小 neither big nor small; 不早不晚 neither early nor late. Other conventional 不A不B forms can express different relationships. Do not generalize one gloss to every idiom.

Lỗi hay gặp: Do not assume any two adjectives create a conventional four-character phrase.

不一会儿

After a short interval

不一会儿 introduces an event occurring after a short wait.

不一会儿，车来了。

Bù yī huìr, chē lái le.

Before long, the vehicle arrived.

Thêm

Lỗi hay gặp: It expresses elapsed time, not a prohibition on waiting.

看来

An inference with 看来

看来 introduces a conclusion based on evidence rather than literal visual action.

看来他今天不来了。

Kàn lái tā jīn tiān bù lái le.

It seems he isn't coming today.

Thêm

Lỗi hay gặp: Separate inference from certainty; the evidence may still be incomplete.

在…看来

From someone's perspective

在…看来 attributes an evaluation to a person or group.

在我看来，这个办法很好。

Zài wǒ kàn lái, zhè ge bàn fǎ hěn hǎo.

In my view, this method is good.

Thêm

Lỗi hay gặp: The phrase identifies whose judgment it is, not a physical location.

Chi tiết nguồn (đề cương chính thức)

  • Apposition

    Mục trong đề cương
    同位短语
    Loại
    其他结构类型
    Mã ngữ pháp
    grammar-L3-032
    Trang PDF
    393 (trang in 390)

  • Action plus outcome

    Mục trong đề cương
    动补短语2
    Loại
    其他结构类型
    Mã ngữ pháp
    grammar-L3-033
    Trang PDF
    393 (trang in 390)

  • Repeated number–classifier units

    Mục trong đề cương
    数量重叠：数词+量词+数词+量词
    Loại
    其他结构类型
    Mã ngữ pháp
    grammar-L3-034
    Trang PDF
    393 (trang in 390)

  • Paired negative expressions

    Mục trong đề cương
    不A 不 B
    Loại
    四字格
    Mã ngữ pháp
    grammar-L3-035
    Trang PDF
    393 (trang in 390)

  • After a short interval

    Mục trong đề cương
    不一会儿
    Loại
    其 他
    Mã ngữ pháp
    grammar-L3-036
    Trang PDF
    393 (trang in 390)

  • An inference with 看来

    Mục trong đề cương
    看来
    Loại
    其 他
    Mã ngữ pháp
    grammar-L3-037
    Trang PDF
    393 (trang in 390)

  • From someone's perspective

    Mục trong đề cương
    在……看来
    Loại
    其 他
    Mã ngữ pháp
    grammar-L3-038
    Trang PDF
    393 (trang in 390)