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HSK 6Bài 3/9 · 8 điểm ngữ pháp

Formal framing and conversational particles

于 and 因 provide compact written frames; 至于 changes topic; 所 helps form a written nominal modifier. 啦、嘛 and 也好 instead manage conversational stance and alternatives. Register is part of the lesson, not an optional extra.

Learning goals (8)
  • Formal 于.
  • Changing topic with 至于.
  • Concise cause with 因.
  • Exclusion with 除.
  • Unexpected outcome with 不料.
  • Nominalizing with 所.
  • Conversational 啦 and 嘛.
  • Acceptable alternatives with 也好.

于

Formal 于

于 introduces a time or location in written constructions, often after a verb.

会议将于明天举行。

Huì yì jiāng yú míng tiān jǔ xíng.

The meeting will be held tomorrow.

Thêm

Lỗi hay gặp: Its written distribution differs from conversational 在.

至于

Changing topic with 至于

至于 introduces a related but separate topic, often after another matter has been addressed.

时间已经定了，至于地点，还要商量。

Shí jiān yǐ jīng dìng le, zhì yú dì diǎn, hái yào shāng liang.

The time is set; as for the location, we still need to discuss it.

Thêm

Lỗi hay gặp: It is a discourse transition, not a generic preposition for every object.

因

Concise cause with 因

因 introduces a reason in compact formal language, often before a noun or short clause.

活动因天气原因取消。

Huó dòng yīn tiān qì yuán yīn qǔ xiāo.

The event was canceled because of the weather.

Thêm

Lỗi hay gặp: The following expression supplies cause, not intended purpose.

除

Exclusion with 除

除 can introduce an exception, commonly with 外, or addition with 还 in a different frame.

除周日外，这里每天开放。

Chú zhōu rì wài, zhè lǐ měi tiān kāi fàng.

This place opens every day except Sunday.

Thêm

Lỗi hay gặp: Determine exclusion versus addition from the rest of the construction.

不料

Unexpected outcome with 不料

不料 introduces a turn of events contrary to expectation, typically in narrative.

我以为他会拒绝，不料他立刻答应了。

Wǒ yǐ wéi tā huì jù jué, bù liào tā lì kè dā ying le.

I thought he would refuse, but unexpectedly he agreed at once.

Thêm

Lỗi hay gặp: The preceding expectation must make the surprise intelligible.

所

Nominalizing with 所

所 before a verb can help form a written nominal modifier, often with 的 and a noun.

这就是我所了解的情况。

Zhè jiù shì wǒ suǒ liǎo jiě de qíng kuàng.

This is the situation as I understand it.

Thêm

Lỗi hay gặp: 所 here is not the classifier in 一所学校.

啦、嘛

Conversational 啦 and 嘛

啦 often carries lively notification or change; 嘛 invokes an obvious reason, reminder or softened insistence.

别急，时间还早嘛。

Bié jí, shí jiān hái zǎo ma.

Don't rush; there's still plenty of time.

Thêm

我们走啦 gives a lively notification of departure; 时间还早嘛 appeals to an obvious reason. Particle spelling alone cannot identify whether the tone is warm, impatient or patronizing.

Lỗi hay gặp: Tone and relationship determine whether 嘛 sounds friendly or patronizing.

也好

Acceptable alternatives with 也好

…也好 can present an option as acceptable; paired alternatives make the range explicit.

今天也好，明天也好，我都有空。

Jīn tiān yě hǎo, míng tiān yě hǎo, wǒ dōu yǒu kòng.

Today or tomorrow is fine; I am free either day.

Thêm

Lỗi hay gặp: This evaluates acceptability rather than simply adding another positive quality.

Chi tiết nguồn (đề cương chính thức)

  • Formal 于

    Mục trong đề cương
    于
    Loại
    引出时间、处所
    Mã ngữ pháp
    grammar-L6-013
    Trang PDF
    401 (trang in 398)

  • Changing topic with 至于

    Mục trong đề cương
    至于
    Loại
    引出对象
    Mã ngữ pháp
    grammar-L6-014
    Trang PDF
    401 (trang in 398)

  • Concise cause with 因

    Mục trong đề cương
    因
    Loại
    引出目的、原因
    Mã ngữ pháp
    grammar-L6-015
    Trang PDF
    401 (trang in 398)

  • Exclusion with 除

    Mục trong đề cương
    除
    Loại
    表示排除
    Mã ngữ pháp
    grammar-L6-016
    Trang PDF
    401 (trang in 398)

  • Unexpected outcome with 不料

    Mục trong đề cương
    不料
    Loại
    连接分句或句子
    Mã ngữ pháp
    grammar-L6-017
    Trang PDF
    401 (trang in 398)

  • Nominalizing with 所

    Mục trong đề cương
    所
    Loại
    结构助词
    Mã ngữ pháp
    grammar-L6-018
    Trang PDF
    401 (trang in 398)

  • Conversational 啦 and 嘛

    Mục trong đề cương
    啦、嘛
    Loại
    语气助词
    Mã ngữ pháp
    grammar-L6-019
    Trang PDF
    401 (trang in 398)

  • Acceptable alternatives with 也好

    Mục trong đề cương
    也好
    Loại
    其他助词
    Mã ngữ pháp
    grammar-L6-020
    Trang PDF
    401 (trang in 398)