RealHSK
Cách học

HSK 6Bài 2/9 · 7 điểm ngữ pháp

Subtle stance and frequency

These adverbs distinguish majority from totality, recurrence from continuity, involuntary reaction from deliberate effort and doubt from denial. Prior expectations give 明明、倒是 and 总算 much of their force.

Learning goals (7)
  • Formal and colloquial degree.
  • Restrictive and collective scope.
  • Continuity and intermittent time.
  • Repeated insistence.
  • Manner and intention.
  • Not necessarily.
  • Speaker evaluations.

特、异常、较为

Formal and colloquial degree

特 is colloquially very; 异常 means exceptionally; 较为 gives a measured, relatively formal degree.

今天的空气异常清新。

Jīn tiān de kōng qì yì cháng qīng xīn.

The air is exceptionally fresh today.

Thêm

Lỗi hay gặp: Register matters: 特好 and 较为理想 fit different settings.

净、一同、大都

Restrictive and collective scope

净 can mean nothing but, often evaluatively; 一同 together; 大都 most members rather than all.

这些书我大都看过。

Zhè xiē shū wǒ dà dōu kàn guò.

I have read most of these books.

Thêm

Lỗi hay gặp: 大都 allows exceptions; 都 does not express the same quantity.

一时、不时、仍旧、依旧、一向

Continuity and intermittent time

一时 a brief period, 不时 occasional recurrence, 仍旧/依旧 continuity, and 一向 a long-standing pattern.

他依旧每天步行上班。

Tā yī jiù měi tiān bù xíng shàng bān.

He still walks to work every day.

Thêm

一时想不起来 cannot recall for the moment; 不时回头 look back from time to time; 仍旧/依旧如此 still like this; 一向认真 consistently conscientious. Frequency and persistent state are different dimensions.

Lỗi hay gặp: 一时 is not a universal replacement for 一直.

一再、再三

Repeated insistence

一再 and 再三 emphasize repeated actions such as requests or consideration; 再三 is not a literal count of three.

我再三考虑后才答应。

Wǒ zài sān kǎo lǜ hòu cái dā ying.

I agreed only after repeated consideration.

Thêm

Lỗi hay gặp: Do not interpret 再三 as exactly three additional occurrences.

不禁、赶忙、特地、特意、偷偷

Manner and intention

不禁 describes an involuntary reaction; 赶忙 prompt response; 特地/特意 purposeful effort; 偷偷 concealment.

听到这里，她不禁笑了。

Tīng dào zhè lǐ, tā bù jīn xiào le.

At this point, she couldn't help smiling.

Thêm

不禁笑了 couldn't help smiling; 赶忙解释 hurried to explain; 特地/特意来 came specially; 偷偷看 secretly look. An unintentional reaction and a deliberate effort should not share one meaning label.

Lỗi hay gặp: 不禁 marks lack of restraint, not deliberate intention like 特意.

未必

Not necessarily

未必 denies certainty, not the entire possibility of a proposition.

贵的东西未必好。

Guì de dōng xi wèi bì hǎo.

Expensive things are not necessarily good.

Thêm

Lỗi hay gặp: 未必好 does not mean definitely bad.

恰好、倒是、干脆、明明、总算

Speaker evaluations

恰好 marks coincidence, 倒是 contrast or concession, 干脆 decisiveness, 明明 an evident fact and 总算 a finally achieved result.

等了这么久，总算轮到我们了。

Děng le zhè me jiǔ, zǒng suàn lún dào wǒ men le.

After such a long wait, it is finally our turn.

Thêm

恰好遇见 happen to meet; 倒是不错 actually quite good as a contrast or concession; 干脆不去 simply decide not to go; 明明知道 plainly know, often before a reproach; 总算完成 finally complete after difficulty. The speaker's expectations are part of the meaning.

Lỗi hay gặp: 明明 often supports a reproach or contrast; it is not neutral evidence by itself.

Chi tiết nguồn (đề cương chính thức)

  • Formal and colloquial degree

    Mục trong đề cương
    特、异常、较为
    Loại
    程度副词
    Mã ngữ pháp
    grammar-L6-006
    Trang PDF
    401 (trang in 398)

  • Restrictive and collective scope

    Mục trong đề cương
    净、一同、大都
    Loại
    范围副词
    Mã ngữ pháp
    grammar-L6-007
    Trang PDF
    401 (trang in 398)

  • Continuity and intermittent time

    Mục trong đề cương
    一时、不时、仍旧、依旧、一向
    Loại
    时间副词
    Mã ngữ pháp
    grammar-L6-008
    Trang PDF
    401 (trang in 398)

  • Repeated insistence

    Mục trong đề cương
    一再、再三
    Loại
    频率副词
    Mã ngữ pháp
    grammar-L6-009
    Trang PDF
    401 (trang in 398)

  • Manner and intention

    Mục trong đề cương
    不禁、赶忙、特地、特意、偷偷
    Loại
    方式副词
    Mã ngữ pháp
    grammar-L6-010
    Trang PDF
    401 (trang in 398)

  • Not necessarily

    Mục trong đề cương
    未必
    Loại
    否定副词
    Mã ngữ pháp
    grammar-L6-011
    Trang PDF
    401 (trang in 398)

  • Speaker evaluations

    Mục trong đề cương
    恰好、倒是、干脆、明明、总算
    Loại
    语气副词
    Mã ngữ pháp
    grammar-L6-012
    Trang PDF
    401 (trang in 398)