Berdasarkan silabus resmi HSK 3.0
Tata bahasa HSK 1
Tata bahasa HSK 1 mencakup dasar-dasarnya: kata ganti dan kata tunjuk, kata tanya, kata penggolong, penyangkalan dengan 不 dan 没, 了 untuk kejadian yang sudah selesai, serta kata penunjuk posisi.
13 pelajaran · 70 poin tata bahasa · Bacaan HSK 1 · Kosakata HSK 1
- Building words and locating thingsRecognize the difference between a word-forming element and an independent word. Build ordinary location phrases and distinguish a person's familiar form of address from a statement about age. Read the head of a phrase before interpreting its modifiers.3 poin tata bahasa
- Skills, intentions and permissionAsk three separate questions when reading a modal: does the person know how, do circumstances permit it, or do they want to act? These meanings overlap in everyday conversation, so use context rather than a one-word translation.4 poin tata bahasa
- People, questions and pointingPronouns replace recoverable people or things; demonstratives point to them; question words leave an information slot open. Keep that slot in its ordinary Chinese position. Written distinctions such as 他 and 她 are not audible distinctions.3 poin tata bahasa
- Counting objects, time and ageA number does not tell you what is being counted. The following classifier or unit supplies that information. Learn noun-classifier combinations as useful phrases and keep clock time, elapsed time and age separate.4 poin tata bahasa
- Degree, scope, progress and negationAdverbs normally appear before the predicate they modify. Determine whether an adverb concerns intensity, the size of a group, an ongoing action or repetition. Then check where negation falls: a small word-order change can alter the entire claim.6 poin tata bahasa
- Connecting participants and shaping tonePrepositions introduce participants and settings, conjunctions join comparable units, and particles connect an utterance to the conversation. One written word may perform different jobs. Read its position and the surrounding predicate rather than relying only on its dictionary gloss.7 poin tata bahasa
- How phrases are builtA phrase has an internal organization and an external role. A coordinated group, an action with its object and a reference object with a position word are different structures. Identifying the head prevents word-by-word translation errors.7 poin tata bahasa
- The main parts of a sentenceFind the subject and predicate first, then locate the object, noun modifiers, adverbials and complements. These roles are not determined by word count: a whole clause can later fill a single role. At this level, practice with transparent short sentences.7 poin tata bahasa
- Making statementsChinese allows action predicates, adjective predicates, some nominal predicates and complete utterances without an overt subject. Do not force every sentence into an English subject-plus-be template. Ask what the speaker is actually asserting about the topic.5 poin tata bahasa
- Questions, requests and reactionsA yes/no question, an information question and an A-not-A question require different structures. Requests and exclamations perform different conversational actions again. Choose the sentence form for the communicative goal, not simply for its punctuation.5 poin tata bahasa
- Identity, existence and linked actions是 identifies, 有 introduces possession or existence, and location-first sentences organize information differently from thing-first sentences. Serial verbs can express purpose or means; double objects distinguish a recipient from the thing transferred.7 poin tata bahasa
- Connecting clauses and viewing eventsA narrative can combine clauses without a conjunction, add a parallel fact with 也 or an extra fact with 还. Aspect markers then show whether an event is realized, a state has changed, or an action continues. They are not English tense endings.8 poin tata bahasa
- Everyday numbers, dates and timesDates move from larger to smaller units; ordinal numbers identify position rather than amount. Prices and clock times have conventional spoken forms. Read these expressions as units instead of interpreting each digit independently.4 poin tata bahasa
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