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Trang chủ/Ngữ pháp/了 vs 过

So sánh ngữ pháp

了 vs 过: what's the difference?

Trả lời ngắn gọn

Ask yourself one question: am I saying that something happened, or that I've done it before? If you mean "I did it" (yesterday, this morning, just now), use 了. If you mean "I've done this at some point in my life", use 过.

Đặt cạnh nhau

了 le过 guo
What it meansIt happened, and it's doneI've done this before
Words you often see with it昨天, 刚才, 已经, 今天早上以前, 从来没, 一次, 两次
Saying no我没买。我没买过。
Asking你买了吗？你买过吗？
Example我昨天去了北京。我去过北京。

了: something happened, and it's done

动词 + 了 (+ 宾语)Phủ định: 没(有) + 动词 (no 了)

Put 了 right after the verb when you're telling someone what happened: 我买了两本书, "I bought two books." There's usually a time in the picture, like yesterday or this morning, even when you don't say it. You'll also see 了 at the end of a sentence. That one tells you something has changed: 我饿了, "I'm hungry now."

Trong bài đọc của chúng tôi

过: you've done it before

动词 + 过 (+ 宾语)Phủ định: 没(有) + 动词 + 过 (keep 过)

过 is about experience. 我去过北京 doesn't tell you when I went. It tells you that at some point, I've been there. That's why 过 so often comes with 以前, with 从来没, or with how many times: 一次, 两次.

Trong bài đọc của chúng tôi

  • 旁边卖水果的阿姨说：“拿去吧，这把伞已经帮助过很多人了。有人今天用，明天再送回来。”

    The woman selling fruit nearby said, "Take it. This umbrella has already helped many people. Someone uses it today and brings it back tomorrow."

    Chiếc ô thừa ra · HSK 3

  • 他说：“是。我没有喝过奶茶，不知道哪个好喝。”

    He said, "Yes. I've never had milk tea, so I don't know which one tastes good."

    Lần đầu tiên uống trà sữa · HSK 2

  • 奶奶以前坐过火车，那时候从我们家到北京要坐一天一夜。

    Grandma had taken a train before, and back then it took a whole day and night to get from our home to Beijing.

    Đưa bà đi tàu cao tốc · HSK 3

Lỗi hay gặp

  • 我昨天没去了。

    我昨天没去。

    Once you use 没, the thing didn't happen, so there's nothing for 了 to mark. Just drop it.

  • 我从来没吃了北京烤鸭。

    我从来没吃过北京烤鸭。

    从来没 means "never, not once". You're talking about experience, so you need 过.

  • 我以前学了中文，现在忘了。

    我以前学过中文，现在忘了。

    You studied Chinese at some point and don't remember it now. That's an experience: 学过. The 了 in 忘了 is the other 了. It marks the change: "I've forgotten it."

Thử làm

  1. 1.我以前去 上海，那里人很多。

  2. 2.昨天晚上我看 一个电影。

  3. 3.他从来没吃 北京烤鸭。

  4. 4.——你学 中文吗？——学过一点儿。

  5. 5.我买 两本书，一本给你。

Đã làm 0/5.

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