HSK 4Bài 8/14 · 8 điểm ngữ pháp
Disposal, passives and causing action
把 constructions can specify a brief, completed, measured or qualified action. 叫/让 may be passive markers, while pivotal constructions use a participant as both an object and the actor of a following predicate. Track the roles, not just the keywords.
Learning goals (8)
- 把 with a brief action.
- 把 with completion.
- 把 with measured action.
- 把 with a qualifying adverbial.
- Conversational passive agents.
- Evaluation plus an action.
- Selecting someone for a role.
- Causing a reaction.
把
把 with a brief action
After 把+object, a reduplicated verb can specify a brief handling action.
请把这篇文章看一看。
Please take a look at this article.
Thêm
Lỗi hay gặp: The reduplication supplies a bounded action; a bare verb may not work equivalently.
主语+把+宾语+动词+了
把 with completion
把+object+verb+了 can be natural when the verb and context make a disposal result clear.
他把票退了。
He returned the ticket for a refund.
Thêm
Lỗi hay gặp: Do not infer that any verb+了 licenses a 把 construction.
把
把 with measured action
A frequency or duration complement specifies what was done to the affected object.
我把这本书看了三遍。
I read this book through three times.
Thêm
把书看了三遍 counts full readings. 把信放了三天才寄 reports leaving the letter for three days before mailing it. The latter requires a context supporting the effect on an already identified object.
Lỗi hay gặp: A duration may need careful context; not every activity naturally affects an object.
主语+把+宾语+状语+动词
把 with a qualifying adverbial
An adverbial after the object can specify how it is handled.
请把这件事认真考虑一下。
Please give this matter careful consideration.
Thêm
Lỗi hay gặp: An adverbial alone does not make every unsuitable verb acceptable with 把.
让
Conversational passive agents
叫 and 让 can introduce the agent of a passive, usually with that agent overtly present.
我的伞让小王拿走了。
My umbrella was taken away by Xiao Wang.
Thêm
Lỗi hay gặp: This 让 is passive, not permission for the umbrella to do something.
表扬他
Evaluation plus an action
After 表扬 or 批评, the person can also serve as the subject of the reason for evaluation.
老师表扬他学习认真。
The teacher praised him for studying conscientiously.
Thêm
老师表扬他学习认真 praises his conscientious studying. 老师批评他上课说话 criticizes his talking in class. The shared person is evaluated because of the following action or property.
Lỗi hay gặp: The following clause explains what the person did or how they behaved.
当班长
Selecting someone for a role
选/收 plus a person can be followed by 当、做 or 为 and the assigned role.
大家选他当班长。
Everyone elected him class monitor.
Thêm
选他当班长 elect him monitor; 收他做学生 accept him as a student; 选他为代表 choose him as a representative. The role expression refers back to the pivotal person.
Lỗi hay gặp: The role belongs to the selected person, not to the selecting subject.
让我
Causing a reaction
使 or 让 introduces a person whose following state or action is caused by the first subject.
这个消息让我很高兴。
This news makes me happy.
Thêm
Lỗi hay gặp: This is causation, not necessarily a passive sentence.
Chi tiết nguồn (đề cương chính thức)
把 with a brief action
- Mục trong đề cương
- （1）主语+把+宾语+动词（+一/了）+动词
- Loại
- “把”字句2
- Mã ngữ pháp
- grammar-L4-055
- Trang PDF
- 396 (trang in 393)
把 with completion
- Mục trong đề cương
- （2）主语+把+宾语+动词+了
- Loại
- “把”字句2
- Mã ngữ pháp
- grammar-L4-056
- Trang PDF
- 396 (trang in 393)
把 with measured action
- Mục trong đề cương
- （3）主语+把+宾语+动词+动量补语/时量补语
- Loại
- “把”字句2
- Mã ngữ pháp
- grammar-L4-057
- Trang PDF
- 396 (trang in 393)
把 with a qualifying adverbial
- Mục trong đề cương
- （4）主语+把+宾语+状语+动词
- Loại
- “把”字句2
- Mã ngữ pháp
- grammar-L4-058
- Trang PDF
- 396 (trang in 393)
Conversational passive agents
- Mục trong đề cương
- 主语+叫/让+宾语+动词+其他成分
- Loại
- 被动句2
- Mã ngữ pháp
- grammar-L4-059
- Trang PDF
- 396 (trang in 393)
Evaluation plus an action
- Mục trong đề cương
- （1）表爱憎义：主语+表扬/批评+宾语1+动词+宾语2
- Loại
- 兼语句2
- Mã ngữ pháp
- grammar-L4-060
- Trang PDF
- 396 (trang in 393)
Selecting someone for a role
- Mục trong đề cương
- （2）表称谓或认定义：主语+收/选+宾语1+做/当/为+宾语2
- Loại
- 兼语句2
- Mã ngữ pháp
- grammar-L4-061
- Trang PDF
- 396 (trang in 393)
Causing a reaction
- Mục trong đề cương
- （3）表致使：主语+使/让+人称代词+动词短语
- Loại
- 兼语句2
- Mã ngữ pháp
- grammar-L4-062
- Trang PDF
- 396 (trang in 393)
- 1FILL BLANK
请把这篇文章。
Choose the expression that completes the sentence.
“Please take a look at this article.”
- 2FILL BLANK
这个消息很高兴。
Choose the expression that completes the sentence.
“This news makes me happy.”
- 3MATCH
Tap a sentence, then tap its meaning.
Bấm một câu, rồi bấm nghĩa của nó.
- 4CHOOSE
In 老师让我读课文, who reads?
- 5CHOOSE
我的自行车让人骑走了。
Which reading fits 让 here?
- 6ORDER
Tap the chunks to build the sentence.
“Please take a look at this article.”
Bấm các cụm theo đúng thứ tự. - 7ORDER
Tap the chunks to build the sentence.
“He returned the ticket for a refund.”
Bấm các cụm theo đúng thứ tự.
Đã làm 0/7 câu.
Bài tiếp: Comparative judgment and strong affirmation →把把 with a brief action
- 她先把两把伞都打开，又拿在手里试了试。 Chiếc rẻ hơn · HSK 3
主语+把+宾语+动词+了把 with completion
- 管楼的张师傅说：“楼道里这样既不干净，也不安全，明天把桌子搬走吧。” Chiếc bàn nhỏ của mọi người · HSK 4
- 母亲把今年的菜单收好，又拿出一张空纸，在上面写道：“明年想吃什么，写菜名，也写做菜人的名字。” Năm nay ai nấu cơm tất niên? · HSK 4
- 她马上把手机拿回去：“先都放进去，别急着动。” Những bức ảnh cũ trong chiếc điện thoại mới · HSK 4
把把 with measured action
- 小安站起来，把自己的计算过程讲了一遍。 Đáp án giống nhau, cách làm khác nhau · HSK 4
主语+把+宾语+状语+动词把 with a qualifying adverbial
- 有人放下坏了的杯子，还有人把吃了一半的东西也留在那里。 Chiếc bàn nhỏ của mọi người · HSK 4
- 妈妈换了新手机，让我把旧手机里的照片都放进去。 Những bức ảnh cũ trong chiếc điện thoại mới · HSK 4
- 到了家，他还是把车停在树下。 Chỗ đỗ xe dưới gốc cây · HSK 4
当班长Selecting someone for a role
- 我仔细想了想，觉得或许是因为上次演出时，我推荐了别人当主角而没有推荐她，所以她讨厌我了。 Tôi đã hiểu lầm bạn mình · HSK 5
让我Causing a reaction
- 最后，面试官让我打印一份资料，我很快完成了任务，他们点点头，好像在说“这个年轻人不错”。 Buổi phỏng vấn xin việc của tôi · HSK 4
- 我包的饺子有大有小，她让我别放太多肉，说放多了容易破。 Nên ăn sủi cảo như thế nào · HSK 4
- 我让她先别点了。 Những bức ảnh cũ trong chiếc điện thoại mới · HSK 4