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HSK 2Bài 8/13 · 7 điểm ngữ pháp

Conversation and information structure

Open-ended lists, advice and impending events are common discourse tools. Chinese can also put an affected thing first and build identifying clauses before nouns. These structures help speakers start with what is already under discussion.

Learning goals (7)
  • Et cetera with 什么的.
  • Advice with 还是…吧.
  • An approaching event.
  • Already beyond expectation.
  • Patient as subject.
  • Nominal phrase predicates.
  • Clause modifiers.

什么的

Et cetera with 什么的

Put 什么的 after examples to leave a conversational list open-ended.

我买了水果、牛奶什么的。

Wǒ mǎi le shuǐ guǒ, niú nǎi shén me de.

I bought fruit, milk and things like that.

Thêm

Lỗi hay gặp: This is not a literal question asking what.

还是…吧

Advice with 还是…吧

还是 before a proposal and 吧 at the end often recommends the preferable option after considering alternatives.

我们还是明天去吧。

Wǒ men hái shì míng tiān qù ba.

We'd better go tomorrow.

Thêm

Lỗi hay gặp: This 还是 recommends; a choice question's 还是 asks between options.

要/快要/就要…了

An approaching event

要、快要 or 就要 before an event, with final 了, indicates it is about to happen.

火车就要来了。

Huǒ chē jiù yào lái le.

The train is about to arrive.

Thêm

Lỗi hay gặp: Do not interpret this 要 as wanting the train.

都…了

Already beyond expectation

都…了 highlights that a time or state has already been reached, often with surprise or urgency.

都十点了，你还不睡？

Dōu shí diǎn le, nǐ hái bù shuì?

It's already ten; aren't you going to bed?

Thêm

Lỗi hay gặp: The word expresses stance rather than universal quantity here.

作业

Patient as subject

The topic or subject can be the thing affected without an explicit passive marker, when the context supports that reading.

作业已经做完了。

Zuò yè yǐ jīng zuò wán le.

The homework has already been finished.

Thêm

Lỗi hay gặp: The affected homework is the subject; the person who did it need not be named.

一百块钱

Nominal phrase predicates

A noun-like phrase can predicate an age, price or date in a suitable context.

这件衣服一百块钱。

Zhè jiàn yī fu yī bǎi kuài qián.

This item of clothing costs one hundred yuan.

Thêm

Lỗi hay gặp: An amount predicate is not a general rule allowing omission of 是 everywhere.

我昨天买的

Clause modifiers

A verb phrase or subject–predicate phrase can precede 的 and a noun to identify which one.

这是我昨天买的书。

Zhè shì wǒ zuó tiān mǎi de shū.

This is the book I bought yesterday.

Thêm

Lỗi hay gặp: Put the entire identifying clause before the head noun.

Chi tiết nguồn (đề cương chính thức)

  • Et cetera with 什么的

    Mục trong đề cương
    什么的
    Loại
    其他
    Mã ngữ pháp
    grammar-L2-041
    Trang PDF
    390 (trang in 387)

  • Advice with 还是…吧

    Mục trong đề cương
    还是……吧
    Mã ngữ pháp
    grammar-L2-042
    Trang PDF
    390 (trang in 387)

  • An approaching event

    Mục trong đề cương
    要/快要/就要……了
    Mã ngữ pháp
    grammar-L2-043
    Trang PDF
    390 (trang in 387)

  • Already beyond expectation

    Mục trong đề cương
    都……了
    Mã ngữ pháp
    grammar-L2-044
    Trang PDF
    390 (trang in 387)

  • Patient as subject

    Mục trong đề cương
    受事主语
    Mã ngữ pháp
    grammar-L2-045
    Trang PDF
    390 (trang in 387)

  • Nominal phrase predicates

    Mục trong đề cương
    名词性短语作谓语
    Mã ngữ pháp
    grammar-L2-046
    Trang PDF
    390 (trang in 387)

  • Clause modifiers

    Mục trong đề cương
    动词或动词性短语、主谓短语作定语
    Mã ngữ pháp
    grammar-L2-047
    Trang PDF
    390 (trang in 387)