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HSK 3Bài 3/15 · 4 điểm ngữ pháp

Specific objects and repeated units

Classifier choice helps specify the shape or kind of a noun. Action classifiers distinguish complete passes from occurrences or small acts. Repeated classifiers distribute a property across every relevant member instead of merely increasing a number.

Learning goals (4)
  • Specialized classifiers and units.
  • Bowls and plates.
  • Action measure words.
  • Repeated classifiers.

张

Specialized classifiers and units

Match classifiers to nouns: 一把伞、一双鞋、一辆车、一封信. Units such as 米、斤、公斤 directly measure an amount.

我买了两张票。

Wǒ mǎi le liǎng zhāng piào.

I bought two tickets.

Thêm

一把伞、一双鞋、一张纸、一种办法、一层楼、一封信、一页书、一辆车、一节课、一所学校、一个班、一段话、一头牛、一句话. Units: 一公斤、一斤、一角钱、一毛钱、一刻钟、一米. In mainland everyday measurement 一斤 is 500 grams; keep the regional convention explicit.

Lỗi hay gặp: 句 and 公斤 are two different units: 一句话 counts sentences, 一公斤 measures weight.

碗

Bowls and plates

碗 and 盘 measure servings or contents. They can also be nouns when discussing the containers themselves.

我们点了两碗面。

Wǒ men diǎn le liǎng wǎn miàn.

We ordered two bowls of noodles.

Thêm

Lỗi hay gặp: 两碗面 counts servings; 两个碗 counts bowls.

口、回、遍、声

Action measure words

遍 counts complete passes, 回 occurrences, 口 mouthfuls and 声 vocal emissions. Select by the event being measured.

请把课文读一遍。

Qǐng bǎ kè wén dú yī biàn.

Please read the text through once.

Thêm

喝一口 take a sip; 来一回 come once; 看一遍 read/watch through once; 叫一声 call once. Replacing 遍 with 次 removes the explicit full-pass meaning.

Lỗi hay gặp: 一次 does not necessarily specify a complete pass; 一遍 does.

个个、张张

Repeated classifiers

Reduplicated classifiers such as 个个 and 张张 distribute a statement over each member.

这些学生个个都很认真。

Zhè xiē xué shēng gè gè dōu hěn rèn zhēn.

Every one of these students is conscientious.

Thêm

Lỗi hay gặp: The construction emphasizes each member, not a larger number of members.

Chi tiết nguồn (đề cương chính thức)

  • Specialized classifiers and units

    Mục trong đề cương
    （1）专用名量词：把、双、张、种、层、封、页、辆、节、所、班、段、头、句公斤、斤、角、毛、刻、米
    Loại
    名量词
    Mã ngữ pháp
    grammar-L3-012
    Trang PDF
    392 (trang in 389)

  • Bowls and plates

    Mục trong đề cương
    （2）借用名量词：碗、盘
    Loại
    名量词
    Mã ngữ pháp
    grammar-L3-013
    Trang PDF
    392 (trang in 389)

  • Action measure words

    Mục trong đề cương
    口、回、遍、声
    Loại
    动量词
    Mã ngữ pháp
    grammar-L3-014
    Trang PDF
    392 (trang in 389)

  • Repeated classifiers

    Mục trong đề cương
    个个、张张
    Loại
    量词重叠
    Mã ngữ pháp
    grammar-L3-015
    Trang PDF
    392 (trang in 389)