HSK 5Bài 7/11 · 7 điểm ngữ pháp
Layered modifiers and expressive complements
Several adverbials can frame one action. Potential complements assess feasibility, while 得 can introduce a phrase, clause or idiom describing degree and consequence. Directional complements can describe recovery, onset or continuation instead of literal travel.
Learning goals (7)
- Layered adverbials.
- Permission or possibility with 得/不得.
- Extreme degree complement.
- Extended directional states.
- A verbal phrase as complement.
- A clause as complement.
- An idiom as complement.
昨天在办公室认真地
Layered adverbials
Several adverbials can express time, location, participants and manner before a predicate. Order follows scope and natural grouping.
他昨天在办公室认真地检查了文件。
He carefully checked the documents in the office yesterday.
Thêm
Lỗi hay gặp: Do not enforce one rigid order for every combination; check intended focus.
动词+得/不得
Permission or possibility with 得/不得
In established forms, V不得 expresses something cannot or must not be done; V得 is less freely productive.
这件事急不得。
This matter cannot be rushed.
Thêm
Lỗi hay gặp: Do not attach 得/不得 to every verb as an unrestricted formula.
形容词/心理动词+得+不得了
Extreme degree complement
得不得了 after a quality or psychological predicate emphasizes an extreme degree.
我担心得不得了。
I am terribly worried.
Thêm
Lỗi hay gặp: Keep 得 before 不得了 in this complement pattern.
醒过来
Extended directional states
下来 can calm or settle, 下去 continue, 起来 begin or emerge, 过来 recover, and 过去 lapse in appropriate lexical combinations.
他终于醒过来了。
He finally regained consciousness.
Thêm
安静下来 settle down; 坚持下去 keep persevering; 热闹起来 become lively; 醒过来 regain consciousness; 昏过去 faint. Teach the actual lexical combinations; a direction character does not independently guarantee a state meaning.
Lỗi hay gặp: Meaning depends on the verb–complement pairing; no single English word covers each suffix.
得不想说话
A verbal phrase as complement
After 得, a verb phrase can describe the consequence or manifestation of an action or quality.
他累得不想说话。
He is so tired that he does not want to talk.
Thêm
Lỗi hay gặp: This is a complement of degree/consequence, not a purpose clause.
得满头都是汗
A clause as complement
得 can introduce a subject–predicate clause describing the outcome or manifestation of the preceding predicate.
他跑得满头都是汗。
He ran until his whole head was covered in sweat.
Thêm
Lỗi hay gặp: The complement can contain its own subject, such as 满头.
得不亦乐乎
An idiom as complement
A fixed expression after 得 can vividly describe an action's manner or effect.
孩子们玩得不亦乐乎。
The children were having a wonderful time playing.
Thêm
Lỗi hay gặp: Learn the fixed expression's register; do not generate arbitrary idioms.
Chi tiết nguồn (đề cương chính thức)
Layered adverbials
- Mục trong đề cương
- 多项状语
- Mã ngữ pháp
- grammar-L5-042
- Trang PDF
- 399 (trang in 396)
Permission or possibility with 得/不得
- Mục trong đề cương
- 动词+得/不得
- Loại
- 可能补语2
- Mã ngữ pháp
- grammar-L5-043
- Trang PDF
- 399 (trang in 396)
Extreme degree complement
- Mục trong đề cương
- 形容词/心理动词+得+不得了
- Loại
- 程度补语2
- Mã ngữ pháp
- grammar-L5-044
- Trang PDF
- 399 (trang in 396)
Extended directional states
- Mục trong đề cương
- 趋向补语的引申用法：表示状态意义：动词/形容词+下来/下去/起来/过来/过去
- Loại
- 趋向补语3
- Mã ngữ pháp
- grammar-L5-045
- Trang PDF
- 399 (trang in 396)
A verbal phrase as complement
- Mục trong đề cương
- （1）动词/形容词+得+动词短语
- Loại
- 状态补语2
- Mã ngữ pháp
- grammar-L5-046
- Trang PDF
- 399 (trang in 396)
A clause as complement
- Mục trong đề cương
- （2）动词/形容词+得+主谓短语
- Loại
- 状态补语2
- Mã ngữ pháp
- grammar-L5-047
- Trang PDF
- 399 (trang in 396)
An idiom as complement
- Mục trong đề cương
- （3）动词/形容词+得+固定短语
- Loại
- 状态补语2
- Mã ngữ pháp
- grammar-L5-048
- Trang PDF
- 399 (trang in 396)
- 1FILL BLANK
他检查了文件。
Choose the expression that completes the sentence.
“He carefully checked the documents in the office yesterday.”
- 2FILL BLANK
孩子们玩。
Choose the expression that completes the sentence.
“The children were having a wonderful time playing.”
- 3MATCH
Tap a sentence, then tap its meaning.
Bấm một câu, rồi bấm nghĩa của nó.
- 4CHOOSE
Which describes regaining consciousness?
- 5CHOOSE
听到有人叫她，她回过头来。
What change is described?
- 6ORDER
Tap the chunks to build the sentence.
“He carefully checked the documents in the office yesterday.”
Bấm các cụm theo đúng thứ tự. - 7ORDER
Tap the chunks to build the sentence.
“This matter cannot be rushed.”
Bấm các cụm theo đúng thứ tự.
Đã làm 0/7 câu.
Bài tiếp: Possession, attachment and affectedness →醒过来Extended directional states
- 原来互相陌生的邻居，也因为几本书开始聊起天来。 Giá sách dưới lầu · HSK 5
- 要坚持下去，比我想象的难得多。 Bác sĩ không kê thuốc · HSK 5
- 我一下子没反应过来。 Người không nói gì trong cuộc họp · HSK 5
得不想说话A verbal phrase as complement
- “我奶奶问得比我还仔细。” Số điện thoại này điền của ai · HSK 5
- 女儿观察得很认真，然后好奇地问：“那月亮为什么不是红的？” Ánh sáng xanh chạy đi đâu mất rồi · HSK 5
- 回来时，我打开车门，里面热得让人受不了，座位也很热。 Chỗ đỗ xe dưới gốc cây · HSK 4
得满头都是汗A clause as complement
- 女儿观察得很认真，然后好奇地问：“那月亮为什么不是红的？” Ánh sáng xanh chạy đi đâu mất rồi · HSK 5
- 回来时，我打开车门，里面热得让人受不了，座位也很热。 Chỗ đỗ xe dưới gốc cây · HSK 4
- 走进洗手间整理衣服时，我对自己说：“别担心，你已经准备得很好了，一定能表现出最棒的一面。” Buổi phỏng vấn xin việc của tôi · HSK 4
得不亦乐乎An idiom as complement
- 方案不长，只有两页，但是非常具体：每一项要花多少钱、需要几个人、多长时间完成，都写得清清楚楚。 Người không nói gì trong cuộc họp · HSK 5
- 记得有一次，我在超市买了一盒当地特色点心，价格贵得离谱，味道却非常奇怪，我宁愿饿着也不肯再尝一口。 Cảm nghĩ về du học · HSK 6