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HSK 2Bài 12/13 · 7 điểm ngữ pháp

Focusing details and relating events

是…的 focuses a detail of a known event, pivotal verbs assign actions to people, and connectors mark concession, cause or immediate sequence. Do not select a connector merely because two clauses happen to sit next to each other.

Learning goals (7)
  • Focusing a known past event.
  • Having someone do something.
  • Giving through a verb+给 construction.
  • Alternative clauses.
  • Concession with 虽然…但是.
  • Cause and consequence.
  • Immediate sequence.

强调时间、地点、方式、动作者

Focusing a known past event

是…的 can highlight when, where, how or by whom a known event occurred.

我是昨天来的。

Wǒ shì zuó tiān lái de.

It was yesterday that I came.

Thêm

我是昨天来的 emphasizes when; 我是在北京认识他的 emphasizes where; 我是坐车来的 emphasizes how; 是小王告诉我的 emphasizes who. The event is generally treated as given in this focus use.

Lỗi hay gặp: This is not a universal past tense and differs from simply saying 我来了.

让我

Having someone do something

请、叫、让 can introduce a person who performs the next action. Distinguish request, instruction and permission by context.

老师让我读课文。

Lǎo shī ràng wǒ dú kè wén.

The teacher asked me to read the text.

Thêm

Lỗi hay gặp: 我 performs 读; it is not the thing being read.

给

Giving through a verb+给 construction

A transfer verb plus 给 can introduce the recipient before the transferred thing.

他送给我一本书。

Tā sòng gěi wǒ yī běn shū.

He gave me a book as a gift.

Thêm

Lỗi hay gặp: Recipient and thing have different roles; do not reverse them blindly.

还是

Alternative clauses

是…还是… frames a choice between actions or propositions, often as a direct or embedded question.

你是今天去，还是明天去？

Nǐ shì jīn tiān qù, hái shì míng tiān qù?

Are you going today or tomorrow?

Thêm

Lỗi hay gặp: Use 或者 for many statements listing alternatives rather than asking a choice.

虽然…，但是…

Concession with 虽然…但是

The first clause acknowledges a fact; the second contradicts an expected consequence. Chinese permits both markers together.

虽然很冷，但是他还想出去。

Suī rán hěn lěng, dàn shì tā hái xiǎng chū qù.

Although it is cold, he still wants to go out.

Thêm

Lỗi hay gặp: Do not apply the English ban on although…but mechanically to Chinese.

因为…，所以…

Cause and consequence

因为 gives the reason; 所以 introduces the consequence. Context can permit either marker to be omitted.

因为生病，所以他没来。

Yīn wèi shēng bìng, suǒ yǐ tā méi lái.

He did not come because he was ill.

Thêm

Lỗi hay gặp: Do not reverse cause and consequence merely to match English word order.

一…就…

Immediate sequence

一…就… connects the onset/completion of one action to a promptly following action or habitual result.

我一到家就给你打电话。

Wǒ yī dào jiā jiù gěi nǐ dǎ diàn huà.

I will call you as soon as I get home.

Thêm

Lỗi hay gặp: 一 here is a structural marker rather than a count of one object.

Chi tiết nguồn (đề cương chính thức)

  • Focusing a known past event

    Mục trong đề cương
    强调时间、地点、方式、动作者
    Loại
    “是……的”句1
    Mã ngữ pháp
    grammar-L2-065
    Trang PDF
    390 (trang in 387)

  • Having someone do something

    Mục trong đề cương
    表使令：主语+请/叫/让……+宾语1+动词+宾语2
    Loại
    兼语句1
    Mã ngữ pháp
    grammar-L2-066
    Trang PDF
    391 (trang in 388)

  • Giving through a verb+给 construction

    Mục trong đề cương
    主语+动词+给+宾语1+宾语2
    Loại
    双宾语句2
    Mã ngữ pháp
    grammar-L2-067
    Trang PDF
    391 (trang in 388)

  • Alternative clauses

    Mục trong đề cương
    （是）……，还是……
    Loại
    选择复句
    Mã ngữ pháp
    grammar-L2-068
    Trang PDF
    391 (trang in 388)

  • Concession with 虽然…但是

    Mục trong đề cương
    虽然……，但是……
    Loại
    转折复句
    Mã ngữ pháp
    grammar-L2-069
    Trang PDF
    391 (trang in 388)

  • Cause and consequence

    Mục trong đề cương
    因为……，所以……
    Loại
    因果复句
    Mã ngữ pháp
    grammar-L2-070
    Trang PDF
    391 (trang in 388)

  • Immediate sequence

    Mục trong đề cương
    一……就……
    Loại
    紧缩复句
    Mã ngữ pháp
    grammar-L2-071
    Trang PDF
    391 (trang in 388)