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HSK 2Bài 1/13 · 5 điểm ngữ pháp

Word forms and short actions

Location suffixes, reduplication and activity compounds show that word structure influences grammar. A brief action can be softened by reduplication, but this does not license doubling every verb. Possibility with 可能 concerns likelihood, not a learned skill.

Learning goals (5)
  • Location suffix 面.
  • Left and right.
  • Verb reduplication.
  • Possibility with 可能.
  • Separable activities.

面

Location suffix 面

面 joins position words to form locations such as 前面、后面 and 里面. The reference object can precede the resulting location phrase.

学校前面有一家商店。

Xué xiào qián miàn yǒu yī jiā shāng diàn.

There is a shop in front of the school.

Thêm

Lỗi hay gặp: 面 is not added to every noun indiscriminately.

左、右

Left and right

左 and 右 identify relative directions, often with 边 or 面. Specify a reference point when directions would otherwise be ambiguous.

银行在学校左边。

Yín háng zài xué xiào zuǒ biān.

The bank is on the left of the school.

Thêm

Lỗi hay gặp: Left depends on the viewpoint; grammar alone cannot establish that viewpoint.

看看

Verb reduplication

AA and A一A soften or delimit a short action; A了A presents a brief realized action. Suitable disyllabic verbs can use ABAB.

你看看这本书。

Nǐ kàn kàn zhè běn shū.

Take a look at this book.

Thêm

看→看看/看一看; 想→想了想; 讨论→讨论讨论. A了A usually locates a brief realized action, while the other patterns often soften an invitation or request. Do not reduplicate a completed-result compound as though it were an ordinary activity verb.

Lỗi hay gặp: Not every verb permits reduplication; avoid mechanically doubling states or result compounds.

可能

Possibility with 可能

可能 presents a possibility rather than a learned ability. It can qualify a whole prediction.

他今天可能不来。

Tā jīn tiān kě néng bù lái.

He may not come today.

Thêm

Lỗi hay gặp: 可能不来 means possibly not coming; 不可能来 means coming is impossible.

帮忙、游泳、跳舞、跑步

Separable activities

Activity words such as 帮忙、游泳、跳舞 and 跑步 contain internal structure. Add participants using appropriate phrases rather than attaching an extra object blindly.

请帮我一个忙。

Qǐng bāng wǒ yī gè máng.

Please do me a favor.

Thêm

Lỗi hay gặp: 帮忙我 is not the normal way to say help me.

Chi tiết nguồn (đề cương chính thức)

  • Location suffix 面

    Mục trong đề cương
    面
    Mã ngữ pháp
    grammar-L2-001
    Trang PDF
    389 (trang in 386)

  • Left and right

    Mục trong đề cương
    左、右
    Loại
    方位名词
    Mã ngữ pháp
    grammar-L2-002
    Trang PDF
    389 (trang in 386)

  • Verb reduplication

    Mục trong đề cương
    AA、A一A、A了A、ABAB
    Loại
    动词重叠
    Mã ngữ pháp
    grammar-L2-003
    Trang PDF
    389 (trang in 386)

  • Possibility with 可能

    Mục trong đề cương
    可能
    Loại
    能愿动词
    Mã ngữ pháp
    grammar-L2-004
    Trang PDF
    389 (trang in 386)

  • Separable activities

    Mục trong đề cương
    帮忙、游泳、跳舞、跑步
    Loại
    离合词
    Mã ngữ pháp
    grammar-L2-005
    Trang PDF
    389 (trang in 386)