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HSK 2Bài 2/13 · 5 điểm ngữ pháp

Reasons, reference and vivid description

为什么 asks for a reason, 自己 refers back to a person, and demonstratives can refer to manner or degree. Repeated adjectives add vividness. Quantities with 多 require attention to position and the number involved.

Learning goals (5)
  • Asking why.
  • Self with 自己.
  • Such, this way, and every.
  • Adjective reduplication.
  • Large and approximate quantities.

为什么

Asking why

为什么 asks for a reason and normally precedes the predicate. A because-clause can answer it.

你为什么不吃饭？

Nǐ wèi shén me bù chī fàn?

Why aren't you eating?

Thêm

Lỗi hay gặp: Do not add 吗 to an ordinary 为什么 information question.

自己

Self with 自己

自己 refers to a contextually recoverable person and can emphasize independent action or mark reflexive possession.

我自己做饭。

Wǒ zì jǐ zuò fàn.

I cook for myself.

Thêm

Lỗi hay gặp: In longer sentences, the referent of 自己 may be ambiguous; name the person when necessary.

那么、那样、这么、这样、每

Such, this way, and every

这样 and 那样 describe manner; 这么 and 那么 frequently modify degree. 每 normally combines with a classifier before a counted noun.

他每天都跑步。

Tā měi tiān dōu pǎo bù.

He runs every day.

Thêm

这样做 do it this way; 那样说 say it that way; 这么高 this tall; 那么远 that far; 每个人 every person. 每 often pairs with 都 in the predicate, but 每天 does not require a separately inserted 个.

Lỗi hay gặp: 每个学生 is a standard counted form; 每学生 is not.

AA、AABB

Adjective reduplication

Suitable adjectives can reduplicate as AA or AABB to make a description vivid or depict a manner/state.

房间干干净净的。

Fáng jiān gān gān jìng jìng de.

The room is nice and clean.

Thêm

慢慢地走 walk slowly; 干干净净的房间 a nice clean room. For a suitable two-syllable adjective AB, AABB may be natural. It is not a productive rule for every adjective; 漂亮 normally does not become 漂漂亮亮 in all the same environments as 干干净净 without attention to style.

Lỗi hay gặp: Do not assume every adjective can use AABB or add 很 before every reduplicated form.

万、好多、多

Large and approximate quantities

万 denotes ten thousand. 好多 means quite a lot; 多 after an appropriate numerical expression indicates an amount beyond that number.

这里有一万多人。

Zhè lǐ yǒu yī wàn duō rén.

There are over ten thousand people here.

Thêm

一万=10,000; 十万=100,000. 好多人 means quite a lot of people. 多 in 十多个人 signals more than ten, whereas 好多 does not specify an exact threshold.

Lỗi hay gặp: Do not translate 万 as one thousand.

Chi tiết nguồn (đề cương chính thức)

  • Asking why

    Mục trong đề cương
    为什么
    Loại
    疑问代词
    Mã ngữ pháp
    grammar-L2-006
    Trang PDF
    389 (trang in 386)

  • Self with 自己

    Mục trong đề cương
    自己
    Loại
    人称代词
    Mã ngữ pháp
    grammar-L2-007
    Trang PDF
    389 (trang in 386)

  • Such, this way, and every

    Mục trong đề cương
    那么、那样、这么、这样、每
    Loại
    指示代词
    Mã ngữ pháp
    grammar-L2-008
    Trang PDF
    389 (trang in 386)

  • Adjective reduplication

    Mục trong đề cương
    AA、AABB
    Loại
    形容词重叠
    Mã ngữ pháp
    grammar-L2-009
    Trang PDF
    389 (trang in 386)

  • Large and approximate quantities

    Mục trong đề cương
    万、好多、多
    Mã ngữ pháp
    grammar-L2-010
    Trang PDF
    389 (trang in 386)