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HSK 2Bài 4/13 · 5 điểm ngữ pháp

Time, habit and expectations

Distinguish already, still, about to, often and do-not. These words can describe timing or convey the speaker's expectations. A negative command changes the listener's behavior; a negative statement merely describes a situation.

Learning goals (5)
  • Time and phase adverbs.
  • Habitual frequency.
  • Prohibitions with 别.
  • Then and subsequent action.
  • Speaker stance: 都、就、还是.

快要

Time and phase adverbs

已经 marks already; 还 can mean still; 正 marks ongoing action. 快 or 快要 with final 了 signals an approaching event. 有时候 means sometimes.

电影快要开始了。

Diàn yǐng kuài yào kāi shǐ le.

The film is about to begin.

Thêm

还在学习 still studying; 已经到了 already arrived; 有时候去 sometimes go; 快下雨了 it will rain soon; 快要开始了 about to start; 正忙着 busy right now. 快 must be distinguished from fast in 跑得快.

Lỗi hay gặp: 快跑 may mean run fast; 快要开始了 describes imminence.

常、经常

Habitual frequency

常 and 经常 describe recurrent events and usually precede the verb. They do not require plural objects or verb endings.

我经常在这里吃饭。

Wǒ jīng cháng zài zhè lǐ chī fàn.

I often eat here.

Thêm

Lỗi hay gặp: Frequency is different from an event happening right now.

别

Prohibitions with 别

别 before a verb tells someone not to do something. It can be softened by politeness or an explanation.

别在这里跑。

Bié zài zhè lǐ pǎo.

Don't run here.

Thêm

Lỗi hay gặp: 别 is usually a directive; 没 describes non-occurrence.

再、就

Then and subsequent action

再 can put an action after another; 就 can express an immediate consequence or following step.

吃完饭再走。

Chī wán fàn zài zǒu.

Leave after finishing the meal.

Thêm

Lỗi hay gặp: Do not confuse this sequencing 再 with a completed repetition.

都、就、还是

Speaker stance: 都、就、还是

都 can signal surprisingly late timing; 就 can signal emphasis or restriction; 还是 can introduce advice. Interpret the surrounding clause.

都八点了！

Dōu bā diǎn le!

It's already eight o'clock!

Thêm

都十点了: already ten, later than expected. 就他一个人: only him. 你还是休息吧: you had better rest. These illustrate contextual stance; source labels such as 就1/就2 are not silently redefined here.

Lỗi hay gặp: This 都 does not mean all people or things.

Chi tiết nguồn (đề cương chính thức)

  • Time and phase adverbs

    Mục trong đề cương
    还2、已经、有时（候）、快、快要、正
    Loại
    时间副词
    Mã ngữ pháp
    grammar-L2-016
    Trang PDF
    389 (trang in 386)

  • Habitual frequency

    Mục trong đề cương
    常、经常
    Loại
    频率副词
    Mã ngữ pháp
    grammar-L2-017
    Trang PDF
    389 (trang in 386)

  • Prohibitions with 别

    Mục trong đề cương
    别
    Loại
    否定副词
    Mã ngữ pháp
    grammar-L2-018
    Trang PDF
    389 (trang in 386)

  • Then and subsequent action

    Mục trong đề cương
    再2、就1
    Loại
    关联副词
    Mã ngữ pháp
    grammar-L2-019
    Trang PDF
    389 (trang in 386)

  • Speaker stance: 都、就、还是

    Mục trong đề cương
    都2、就2、还是1
    Loại
    语气副词
    Mã ngữ pháp
    grammar-L2-020
    Trang PDF
    389 (trang in 386)