HSK 2Bài 5/13 · 9 điểm ngữ pháp

Sources, routes, recipients and connectors

A short phrase can introduce a start point, path, recipient, comparison standard or cause. The same form may instead coordinate nouns or clauses. Track which phrase belongs to which predicate before deciding how to translate it.

Learning goals (9)
  • Starting points with 从.
  • Direction with 往.
  • Origin and route with 从.
  • Beneficiaries with 给.
  • Comparison with 比.
  • With someone: 跟.
  • Reason phrases with 因为.
  • Joining nouns with 跟.
  • Connecting clauses.

从

Starting points with 从

从 introduces a starting time or place. It often pairs with 到 to set an interval.

我从九点学到十点。

Wǒ cóng jiǔ diǎn xué dào shí diǎn.

I study from nine to ten.

Thêm

Lỗi hay gặp: Starting and ending expressions must refer to compatible scales.

往

Direction with 往

往+direction before a movement verb identifies the direction of travel.

请往左走。

Qǐng wǎng zuǒ zǒu.

Please go left.

Thêm

Lỗi hay gặp: 往 is directional; 在 normally locates an action.

从

Origin and route with 从

从 can indicate where movement begins or the passage through which it proceeds.

他从门口进来了。

Tā cóng mén kǒu jìn lái le.

He came in through the doorway.

Thêm

Lỗi hay gặp: The phrase describes the movement's source or route, not ownership.

给

Beneficiaries with 给

给+person before a verb introduces a recipient or beneficiary. As a main verb, 给 means give.

我给妈妈买了一本书。

Wǒ gěi mā mā mǎi le yī běn shū.

I bought a book for Mom.

Thêm

Lỗi hay gặp: 给妈妈 here says for whom the purchase was made.

比

Comparison with 比

Put the comparison standard after 比, followed by the compared quality.

今天比昨天冷。

Jīn tiān bǐ zuó tiān lěng.

Today is colder than yesterday.

Thêm

Lỗi hay gặp: Do not normally insert 很 before the adjective in this basic comparison.

跟

With someone: 跟

跟 introduces a companion or interaction partner before the action.

我跟朋友去看电影。

Wǒ gēn péng you qù kàn diàn yǐng.

I am going to a film with a friend.

Thêm

Lỗi hay gặp: 跟 can also be a main verb meaning follow; distinguish the construction.

因为

Reason phrases with 因为

因为 can introduce a reason expressed by a noun phrase, not only a whole clause.

因为天气,我们没去。

Yīn wèi tiān qì, wǒ men méi qù.

Because of the weather, we did not go.

Thêm

Lỗi hay gặp: A reason noun phrase does not need an invented verb to become usable.

跟

Joining nouns with 跟

跟 can connect nouns in conversational Chinese. As a preposition it instead introduces a companion; the wider predicate distinguishes the roles.

爸爸跟妈妈都是老师。

Bà bà gēn mā mā dōu shì lǎo shī.

Dad and Mom are both teachers.

Thêm

Lỗi hay gặp: Here 都 supports a coordinated-subject reading rather than one person accompanying another.

所以

Connecting clauses

但是 marks contrast; 虽然 introduces concession; 因为 and 所以 express cause and consequence. 那 can introduce a conversational response, and 还是 offers a question alternative.

因为下雨,所以我们不去了。

Yīn wèi xià yǔ, suǒ yǐ wǒ men bù qù le.

Because it is raining, we are not going.

Thêm

Lỗi hay gặp: Do not treat all connectors as interchangeable English and.

Chi tiết nguồn (đề cương chính thức)
  • Starting points with 从

    Mục trong đề cương
    从1
    Loại
    引出时间、处所
    Mã ngữ pháp
    grammar-L2-021
    Trang PDF
    389 (trang in 386)
  • Direction with 往

    Mục trong đề cương
    往
    Loại
    引出方向、路径
    Mã ngữ pháp
    grammar-L2-022
    Trang PDF
    389 (trang in 386)
  • Origin and route with 从

    Mục trong đề cương
    从2
    Loại
    引出方向、路径
    Mã ngữ pháp
    grammar-L2-023
    Trang PDF
    389 (trang in 386)
  • Beneficiaries with 给

    Mục trong đề cương
    给
    Loại
    引出对象
    Mã ngữ pháp
    grammar-L2-024
    Trang PDF
    389 (trang in 386)
  • Comparison with 比

    Mục trong đề cương
    比
    Loại
    引出对象
    Mã ngữ pháp
    grammar-L2-025
    Trang PDF
    389 (trang in 386)
  • With someone: 跟

    Mục trong đề cương
    跟1
    Loại
    引出对象
    Mã ngữ pháp
    grammar-L2-026
    Trang PDF
    389 (trang in 386)
  • Reason phrases with 因为

    Mục trong đề cương
    因为1
    Loại
    引出原因
    Mã ngữ pháp
    grammar-L2-027
    Trang PDF
    389 (trang in 386)
  • Joining nouns with 跟

    Mục trong đề cương
    跟2
    Loại
    连接词或短语
    Mã ngữ pháp
    grammar-L2-028
    Trang PDF
    389 (trang in 386)
  • Connecting clauses

    Mục trong đề cương
    但、但是、那、虽然、还是2、因为2、所以
    Loại
    连接分句或者句子
    Mã ngữ pháp
    grammar-L2-029
    Trang PDF
    389 (trang in 386)